2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：說明文閱讀理解練習(xí)題（A）Therehasbeenalotofsuchnewslately.Asfarastheproblemswithtoday'sschoolsareconcerned,wecangobacktohowourculturehasevolved.Ingeneral,ourculture,asrepresentedinthemedia,getsexcitedbyfamousstars,andstressesthatit'swhatyouhave,notwhatyouare,thatcounts.Parentsareencouragedtobeawayfromevenverysmallchildrenformostoftheday.Toomanypeoplevoteforpoliticianswhowouldrathercutschoolfundingthanstoptaxcutsforthewealthy.Allcontributegreatlytotheproblemsofeducatingourchildren.Today'steachershavetodealwithaculturethatisvastlydifferentfromthatinthepast.Theyreportthatthereis,amongmorechildrenthanever,alackofmotivation,nodrivetosucceedoreventry.Inthemedia,therolemodelsthatboysseemostlyconsistofmenincomediesandothershows,whoarerudeandoftenextremelychildish;self-centeredoverpaidathletes;meninmovies,televisionorvideogames,whoareviolentandpowerful.AsLeonardSaxwroteinBoysAdrift,“Teenageboysarelookingformodelsofmatureadulthood,butwenolongermakeanycollectiveefforttoprovidesuchmodels.”Girlsareattackednotonlywithsuchannoyingimagesofmales,butalsowithwomenwhoareextremelymaterialistic.Insuchaculturalenvironment,itismoreimportantthanevertohaveresponsibleparentswhoaredevotedtotheirchildrenandseetoitastheirdutytomodelforthemandraisethemwithhighstandardsofhonestyandresponsibility.Theyneedtocareenoughtoseethattheirchildrenarenotattackedwiththerubbishthatcomesfrommovie,televisionandcomputerscreens.Intoday'sculture,theyarebasicallyaloneinthiseffortsince,unfortunately,somuchisworkingagainstthem.Untilwe,asaculture,facethetruthaboutourselves—thatwearenotprovidingadequatelyforagreatmanyofourchildren—thestormwillcontinuetorageoveroureducationsystem.1.Whatdothewords“suchnews”inthebeginningmostprobablyinvolve?A.Culturalevolution.B.Financialriskfromtaxcuts.C.Problemsineducation.D.Socialinfluenceofthemedia.2.Whatdoestoday'sculturebringtothechildren?A.Narrowaccesstoentertainment.B.Poorsocialabilities.C.Fewmaterialisticmodels.D.Toomuchnegativeeffect.3.Whatdoparentshavetodointoday'sculture?A.Findmoremodelsfortheirchildren.B.Keeptheirkidsfromthebadeffectofthemedia.第12頁共12頁,C.Forbidtheirchildrentousecomputers.D.Encouragetheirchildrentostayatschool.4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstoday'sculture?A.Indifferent.B.Ambiguous.C.Dissatisfied.D.Approving.（B）ThevillageofHallstattinAustriaisacollectionofappealingoldbuildingsgroupedattheedgeofLakeHallstatt,surroundedbythetoweringDachsteinMountains.Insummer,themountainsaregreenandthevillageislovely.Inwinter,it'slikesomethingoutofasnow-coveredfairytale.Hallstatt'spopularityfirstbeganwhenitbecameaWorldHeritageSitein1997.Itincreasedmorein2006,whenaSouthKoreanTVprogramshotashowinthevillage.Soon,HallstattbegantogetmorevisitorsfromAsia.ButthenumberofvisitorsreallyexplodedafterthereleaseofDisney'smovie“Frozen”in2013.Millionsof“Frozen”moviefansthinkHallstattistheinspirationforthefictionalvillageofArendelle,themainvillageinthemovie.With“Frozen2”released,ithasonlymadeitmorepopular.Thenumberofvisitorswhoarrivehereeachdayishuge—upto10,000visitors.Lastyeararound19,344busloadsoftouristsarrived.Localpeoplethinkit'sacatastrophe.Withthenumberofvisitorsmentionedaboveaday,that'sover12touristsforeverypersoninHallstatt.Onemansaidhismotherwaswokenuponeday,tofindtouristsinherbedroom.Thegovernmentthinksthetownwouldbejustfinewithaboutonethirdfewervisitorseachyear.Startingthisyear,Hallstattwillbeginaprogramtolimitthenumberofbusesbringingvisitorshere.Butvillagersalsoadmitthefactthatbeforethetouristboom,peoplewouldleaveHallstatttofindworkandthatmanypeoplerelyuponthetouristsfortheirjobsnow.Hallstattmaybeeasyontheeye,butit'soppositeonthewallet.Hotelroomscancostbetween$350and$450.Oh,anditcostsoveronedollartousethepublicbathroomhere.Eventoiletscanbegoodbusiness—aslongastheyaren'tfrozen.1.WhatplaysthemostimportantroleinmakingHallstattworld-famous?A.Itslovelyweather.B.Thehitmovie.C.Itsbeautifularchitecture.D.TheSouthKoreanTVprogram.2.HowmanylocalpeoplearethereinHallstatt?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.About800.B.About7,000.C.About12,000.D.About18,000.3.Howdothevillagersrespondtothetourism?A.Theydependonitcompletely.B.Theyhopeitstaysaway.C.Theyfinditenvironment-friendly.D.Theyareinadilemmaaboutit.4.WhatdoestheauthorreallywanttoindicateaboutHallstattinthelastparagraph?A.Itiseasyfortouriststogetthere.第12頁共12頁,B.Touristscanmakebusinessthere.C.Bereadytopaybeforegoingthere.D.Itisfreezingcoldsometimesthere.（C）Thisspring,youmaybefortunateenoughtohavegoodweather,asmallpieceofearthandtheenergy,enthusiasmandinspirationtoplantagarden.Thereisnothingbettertoshakeofftheboredomanddullnessofwinterthantodigintheearth,plantsomeseedsandwatchthemgrow.Asmallgardencanproducesomethingextrafreshfordinner,flowersforthetableandafeelingofaccomplishment.Itiswork,butitiseversorewarding.　　Whataboutyourlifegarden?Justasabeautifulgardenisaworkinprogress,soisthegardeninyourmind.Ittakesconsciouseffort,planning,constantnurturing(培育)andweedingtogrowagarden.Whathaveyouplanted?Whathaveyouallowedtotakeroot?Isyourlifetheout-picturingofawelllaidoutgardenorajumbleofplants,treesandweedswhoseseedswereblownyourwayandtookroot?　　Wehaveallheardphraseslike“sowingseedsofdoubt”,or“seedsofdiscontent”.Wecanmakeaconsciouschoicewhethertoallowthemtotakerootinourlivesorcastthemoutofourgarden.Negativeenergyandwords,likeweeds,willspreadquicklyifleftunchecked.Findagood“weedkiller”—abook,aninspirationalstory,apositivestatement—tohelpyougetridofthethoughtsthatruinthebeautyofyourgarden.　　Plantasmanyseedsofjoyandbeautyasyoucaninyourownlifeandinthelivesofthepeoplewithwhomyouliveandworkeveryday.Growagratitudegarden,apeacegardenandadreamgarden.Tendtothemdaily.Ifyougivethemtimeandenergy,youwillhavearichharvestofsuccess,happinessandpeaceofmind.1.Whydoestheauthortellusthebenefitsofgrowingagarden?A.Toaskustolovegardening.B.Toshowhisloveofgardening.C.Toleadreaderstothetopicofthetext.D.Toshowwhatalifegardenislike.2.Inwhatwayisourlifegardensimilartoabeautifulgarden?A.Itisinchangeallthetime.B.Itcanmakeushappyandgratefulinlife.C.Itneedsourconsciouseffortandconstantcare.D.Itisfullofbothpositiveenergyandnegativeenergy.3.Whydoestheauthorcomparenegativeenergyandwordstoweeds?A.Theyareanaturalpartoflife.B.Theyaredifficulttoremove.C.Theyareoftenleftunchecked.第12頁共12頁,D.Theyneedtoberemovedbeforetheyspread.4.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedasaweedkiller?A.Readingadullbook.B.Relievingourdiscontent.C.Havingpositiveself-talks.D.Pullingweedsinthegarden.（D）TheLondonInterdisciplinarySchool(LIS),scheduledtoopenin2021withatargetofadmitting100students,willabandontraditionalacademicsubjectsandofferathree-yearbachelorofartsandsciencesdegreedesignedtodealwithreal-worldissues.Thecurriculumisbuiltaroundinterdisciplinaryproblems—knifecrime,childhoodobesity,plasticpollution,amongothers—aswellasquantitativeandqualitativeresearchskills.EmployersliketheMetPoliceandVirginwillprovideprojectideasandofferfive-weekworkexperienceforstudents.“We'regoingtotryandcreateareallytransformationaleducationalexperiencewhereallthepeopleintheinstitutionarewakingupeverymorningandsaying,‘Howcanwetakethesebrilliantyoungpeopleandgivethemanamazinglearningexperience?'”saysEdFidoe,aco-founderoftheLIS.TheideaissimilartoaU.S.liberalarts(人文科學(xué))degreebutalsomorespecificallyfocusedonmultiplesubjects—economics,psychology,sociology,statistics,etc.—tosolvecomplexproblemslikechildhoodobesity.Inotherwords,theproblem,notthesubject,sitsatthecenterofthecurriculum.Theskillsstudentsdevelop,thefoundershope,willmorecloselycomeintoagreementwithwhatanAl-infused,automatedworlddemands:collaboration(協(xié)作)betweenpeopleandmachines,criticalthinking,speakingandwritingskills,anddatamanagement,tonamejustafewthings.　　Thechallengesofbuildinganewuniversityfromscratcharedaunting(令人生畏的):studentshavetosignupfor,andpayfor,somethinguntested;alltheteacherswillhavetoteachinatotallynewanddifferentway;andthere'sariskthataninterdisciplinarycurriculumwillbeinterestingbutthin.Fidoesaysit'satallorder.“Areany17-year-oldsgoingtobecrazyenoughtocometosomethingthatdoesn'texistyetagainstsomethingthat'sbeenaroundfor150years?”hesays. 　　IntheU.K.,studentsapplythroughanadmissionsservicecenter,andexamresultsaremoreimportantthananythingelse.Onthecontrary,attheLIS,studentswillinsteadapplydirectlyduringapre-determined“selectionday”whereeveryoneisinvitedtoparticipate.Thisdaywillincludeaface-to-faceinterviewsothatthecollegecanbetterunderstandastudent'sbackground,motivationsandpassions.1.WhatistheaimoftheLIS?A.Toprovidemoreandmoreprojectideasforstudents.第12頁共12頁,B.Totakeareal-worldapproachtohighereducation.C.Tohelpemployerstodevelopthestudents'skills.D.Toconductqualitativeandquantitativeresearch.2.What'sspecialaboutthecurriculumtheLISsetsup?A.Itissubject-centered.B.ItisbasedonAItechnology.C.Itcentersaroundsocialconcerns.D.Itcoverseveryaspectofsociety.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“it'satallorder”inPara.3mean?A.It'sinterestingtoteachinanewapproach.B.It'sboundtoputthecurriculuminorder.C.It'sexcitingtotakeonnewchallenges.D.It'shardtobuildthenewuniversity.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLISfromthelastparagraph?A.Itpaysmoreattentiontoexamresults.B.Itfocusesmoreontheface-to-faceinterview.C.Itemphasizesstudents'personalexperiencesandqualities.D.Itstressestheimportanceofitspre-determined“selectionday”.（E）Tellingsomeonetheyarenothiredisneveraneasyjob,butallhiringmanagerswillfacethisdifficultsituationmanytimesintheircareers.Whileeveryonefearsdenialonsomelevel,itisimportanttounderstandthatnoteveryonewillfitineveryjob.Further,therearetimeswhentheapplicantqualitywillbesogreat,adecisiontorejectanapplicantmaynotreflectonthatapplicant'sabilitiesbuttheoverallqualityofthefield.Thereareanumberofmethodsthatcanbeusedtogetthemessageacrossthatapersonisnothired.Inmanycases,especiallyforthosewhowerenevercalledforaninterview,asimpleformlettermaybesufficient.Inothercases,wheresomeonemayhavebeencalledforaninterview,aphonecallorlettercouldbechosentodeliverthemessagethattheywerenothired.Incasewheretheremaybeanongoingrelationshipwiththepersonnothired,itmaybebesttobreakthenewsinperson,thoughthishastheobviouspotentialofbeingmoreuncomfortable.Aboveall,itisbesttoalwaysbehonestwiththosewhodidn'tgetthejob.Lyingisneveracceptable.Generally,itisnotagoodideatotellsomeonespecificreasonswhytheyarenothiredforajob.Thiscanonlyleadtoresentment(怨恨)andregret.However,theremaybespecifictimeswhenthiscouldbeagoodidea.Forexample,ifanapplicantispromisingandthehiringmanagerbelievesanotherpositionthatsuitstheapplicant'sskillswillbeopeningup,thiscouldbeawaytoletthatpersonknowhemaysoonhaveanotheropportunity.Inallcases,evenifyoufeelsomeonehascheatedtoobtainaninterview,neverbehaveina第12頁共12頁,waywhichshowsyouaresuperiortothem.Thisisunprofessionalandreflectsverypoorlynotonlyonthehiringmanager,buttheorganizationasawhole.1.WhyaresomeapplicantsrefusedaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Theyareinterestedinotherfields.B.Theydon'tqualifyfortheposition.C.Theyareafraidofmakingdecisions.D.Theylackthecouragetofacefailures.2.Howmayanot-interviewedapplicantbeinformedoftherejection?A.Byreceivingaformalphonecall.B.Bygettingasimpleformletter.C.Bycheckingamessageonline.D.Byattendingapersonalmeeting.3.Inwhatcasewillapplicantsbetoldexactlywhytheyarenothired?A.Theyregretapplyingforthejob.B.Theydemandspecificexplanations.C.Theymaybecapableofanotherpost.D.Theyhavesubmittedfalseinformation.4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthepositionofhiringmanagers?A.Itcallsforprofessionalskills.B.Itattractstheapplicantsmost.C.Itdoesn'tallowofanymistake.D.Itrequireshonestyandambition.（F）Theysaythatpicturesareworthathousandwords,butthebriefestlookatbooksandthemoviesbasedonthemwouldhaveanyonequestioningthiscommonsaying.Alltoooften,greatwordsendupbeingturnedintocinematic“turkeys”.Goodmoviesneedgoodstories.Ifso,whyhasoneoftheearliestandgreatestworksinWesternstorytelling,Homer'sTheOdyssey,neverhadanequallygreatmoviebasedonit?Moviesneedstrongcharacters.SowhyhavethemoviesbasedonTheGreatGatsbyneverbeenpraisedas“great”?Moviesofcourseneedimpressiveimages,sowhyhasAliceinWonderlandonlyresultedinmoviesbestdescribedas“interesting”?Oneofthekeyreasonsbehindthisisthatwhileabookusuallytakesafewdaystoread,amovietypicallylastsundertwohours.Thismeansthatgreatbookscanloseplotdetailsandcharacterswhentheymovetothebigscreen.ThisissomethingthateventhehighlysuccessfulHarryPottermoviescan'tescapefrom,withfansofthebooksdisappointednottoseesomeoftheirfavoritecharactersinthemovieversions.Moviesalsodisappointuswhenthingsdon'tlookthewayweimaginedtheminthebooks.第12頁共12頁,Take,forexample,theepicmovieTroy,whichisinpartbasedonHomer'sTheIliadandwasmetwithmixedreviewsfromtheaudiences.ThemostquestionableissuewastheactresschosentoplaythepartofHelen.Manypeoplethoughtshedidn'tliveuptoHelen'stitleof“themostbeautifulwomanintheworld”,influencingopinionsofthemovietosomeextent.ThereareathousandHamletsinathousandpeople'seyes.Furthermore,booksandmoviesaretwodifferentformsofmediaandthereforehavedifferentrules.Withthisinmind,perhapsweshouldjudgeamovieinitsownright,andnotagainstitsoriginalsource.Interestingly,audienceshaveinrecentyearsturnedtotelevisionseriessuchasSherlockorMadMen,whichcanhavemanycharactersandgradualplotdevelopment.Perhaps,oneday,readersofF.ScottFitzgerald'smostadmiredworkwillfindthemselvesgluedtotheirscreensbyepisodesofTheGreatGatsby. 1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemovieadaptationistrue?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.ThecharactersinTheOdysseydonotstandout.B.ThemovieTroydoesn'tlookthewaywevisualizedwhilereadingthebook.C.ThevisualimagesarenotasstrikingasthedescriptionsinthebookTheGreatGatsby.D.SomepartsofthestoryandcharactersaremissinginthemovieAliceinWonderland.2.Oneofthereasonswhyadaptationsdisappointtheaudienceisthat　　　. A.theylackgoodstorytellingB.theimagesarenotimpressiveenoughC.thecharactersinthemoviesarenotstrongandinterestingD.thereisnotenoughtimeformoviestofullypresentthewholestory3.Theunderlinedpart“originalsource”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto　　　. A.audienceB.bookC.charactersD.images4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Goodbooksmaynotbeadaptedforgreatmovies.B.Readingbooksisbetterthanwatchingmovies.C.Peoplearedissatisfiedwiththecurrentmovies.D.Peopleareexpressingtheirpreferencetoreadingbooks.（G）“Ifyoudon'tbehave,I'llcallthepolice.”isaliethatparentsgenerallyusetogettheiryoungchildrentobehave.Parents'liesworkintheshortterm,butanewstudyledbyNTUSingaporesuggeststhatthey'reassociatedwithharmfuleffectswhenthechildbecomesanadult.Theresearchteamasked379Singaporeanyoungadultswhethertheirparentsliedtothemwhentheywerechildren,howmuchtheylietotheirparentsnow,andhowwelltheyadjusttoadulthoodchallenges.Adultswhoreportedbeingliedtomoreaschildrenweremorelikelytoreportdeceivingtheirparentsintheiradulthood.Theyalsosaidtheyfacedgreaterdifficultyinmeetingpsychologicalandsocialchallenges.LeadauthorAssistantProfessorSetohPeipeifromNTUSingapore'sSchoolofSocial第12頁共12頁,Sciencessaid,“Parentingbylyingcanseemtosavetimeespeciallywhentherealreasonsbehindwhyparentswantchildrentodosomethingarecomplicatedtoexplain.Whenparentstellchildrenthat‘honestyisthebestpolicy’,butdisplaydishonestybylying,suchbehaviourcansendconflictingmessagestotheirchildren.Parents'dishonestymayeventuallybreaktrustandpromotedishonestyinchildren.Ourresearchsuggeststhatparentingbylyingisapracticethathasbadconsequencesforchildrenwhentheygrowup.Parentsshouldbeawareofthisandconsideralternativestolying,suchasacknowledgingchildren'sfeelings,givinginformationsochildrenknowwhattoexpect,andofferingchoicesandproblem-solvingtogether,tohelpchildrendevelopgoodbehaviour.”Theanalysisfoundthatparentingbylyingcouldplacechildrenatagreaterriskofdevelopingproblemsthatthesocietydisapproves,suchasaggressionandrule-breakingbehaviour.Somelimitationsofthestudyincluderelyingonwhatyoungadultsreportabouttheirpastexperiencesofparents'lying.“Futureresearchcanexploreusingmoreinformationproviders,suchasparents,toreportonthesametopic,”suggestedAssistantProfessorSetoh.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1.Whyisaparentalliementionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.B.Totellapopularwaytoeducatechildren.C.Toprovethegreatinfluenceofthepolice.D.Toshowtheharmfuleffectsofparentallies.2.Theunderlinedword“deceiving”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto　　　. A.worryingB.abusingC.disappointingD.cheating3.Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingcanparentsdo?A.Givechildrenchancestochoose.B.Forcegoodbehaviouronchildren.C.Letchildrensolveproblemsalone.D.Stopchildrenknowingwhattoexpect.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimplyaboutthestudy?A.Itisquitecontroversial.B.Itisrathermeaningless.C.Itneedstobeperfected.D.Itdemandshonestresponses.第12頁共12頁,參考答案(A)1.C　根據(jù)第一段中Asfarastheproblemswithtoday'sschoolsareconcerned,wecangobacktohowourculturehasevolved.可知,就當(dāng)今學(xué)校的問題而言,我們可以追溯到我們的文化是如何演變的。由此可推知,“suchnews”指的是學(xué)校里的問題,即“這樣的新聞”一開始最可能涉及的是教育問題。故選C項(xiàng)。2.D　根據(jù)第三段中Theyreportthatthereis,amongmorechildrenthanever,alackofmotivation,nodrivetosucceedoreventry.可知,他們報(bào)告說,比以往任何時(shí)候都多,孩子們?nèi)狈?dòng)力,沒有成功的動(dòng)力,甚至沒有嘗試的動(dòng)力。由此可知,今天的文化給孩子們帶來了太多的負(fù)面影響。故選D項(xiàng)。3.B　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Theyneedtocareenoughtoseethattheirchildrenarenotattackedwiththerubbishthatcomesfrommovie,televisionandcomputerscreens.可知,他們需要足夠的關(guān)心,以確保他們的孩子不會(huì)受到來自電影、電視和電腦屏幕的垃圾的攻擊。由此可知,在今天的文化中,父母必須讓他們的孩子遠(yuǎn)離媒體的不良影響。故選B項(xiàng)。4.C　根據(jù)最后一段Untilwe,asaculture,facethetruthaboutourselves—thatwearenotprovidingadequatelyforagreatmanyofourchildren—thestormwillcontinuetorageoveroureducationsystem.可知,直到我們,作為一個(gè)文化,面對(duì)我們自己的真相——我們沒有為我們的許多孩子提供足夠的東西——這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴將繼續(xù)肆虐我們的教育系統(tǒng)。由此可推知,作者對(duì)當(dāng)今文化的態(tài)度是不滿意的。故選C項(xiàng)。(B)1.B　根據(jù)第一段中的ButthenumberofvisitorsreallyexplodedafterthereleaseofDisney'smovie“Frozen”in2013.可知,將這個(gè)小村莊真正推向世界的是熱門電影《冰雪奇緣》。2.A　該題需要結(jié)合第一段和第二段信息,計(jì)算得出答案。根據(jù)第一段中的Thenumberofvisitorswhoarrivehereeachdayishuge—upto10,000visitors.可知,每天有多達(dá)1萬名游客到小村莊;根據(jù)第二段中的Withthenumberofvisitorsmentionedaboveaday,that'sover12touristsforeverypersoninHallstatt.可知,每天這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)每一個(gè)人要接待多于12名游客,由此推知這個(gè)村莊的居民大概有800人。3.D　第二段談到:大量游客的到來給村民生活帶來極大騷擾,從今年開始,Hallstall將啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,限制運(yùn)送游客的巴士數(shù)量。但是村民們也承認(rèn),在旅游熱潮之前,人們會(huì)離開Hallstatt去找工作,現(xiàn)在很多人的工作都依賴游客。由此推知,村民對(duì)此感到進(jìn)退兩難。4.C　最后一段作者談到:Hallstatt的風(fēng)景對(duì)游客來說可以大飽眼福,但對(duì)錢包來說卻恰恰相反;酒店房間的價(jià)格在350美元到450美元之間,使用公共浴室要花一美元以上。顯然作者意在說明去這里旅游是要花大價(jià)錢的。(C)1.C　文章主要討論的不是真實(shí)的花園,而是生命的花園。根據(jù)第二段第一句Whatabout第12頁共12頁,yourlifegarden?可推知,作者在第一段介紹經(jīng)營一個(gè)花園的好處是為了引出文章主要的討論對(duì)象——生命的花園。故選C項(xiàng)。2.C　根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句話Justasabeautifulgardenisaworkinprogress,soisthegardeninyourmind.Ittakesconsciouseffort,planning,constantnurturing(培育)andweedingtogrowagarden.可知,只有“我們”有意識(shí)的努力和持續(xù)的照顧,才能讓“我們”生命的花園與美麗的花園相似。故選C項(xiàng)。3.D　根據(jù)文章第三段第三、四句話可知:只有將花園中的雜草去除,才能使花園更加美麗。而負(fù)能量和不好的話語就像美麗花園中的雜草,只有使用“除草劑”將其去除才能使我們的人生更美麗,不能任由它破壞我們的人生。因此,作者將負(fù)能量和不好的話語比作雜草是為了告訴讀者,它們需要在傳播之前被移除。故選D項(xiàng)。4.C　根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句Findagood“weedkiller”—abook,aninspirationalstory,apositivestatement—tohelpyougetridofthethoughtsthatruinthebeautyofyourgarden.可知,一本書、一個(gè)鼓舞人心的故事、一個(gè)積極的言論,這些“正能量”的事物都是人生中的“除草劑”。故選C項(xiàng)。(D)1.B　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aim可定位至文章第一段第一句,倫敦跨學(xué)科學(xué)院(LIS)計(jì)劃于2021年開學(xué),目標(biāo)招收100名學(xué)生,該學(xué)院將放棄傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)科目,提供3年的人文科學(xué)和自然科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位,旨在處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的問題。故選B項(xiàng)。2.C　根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句可知,這一想法類似于美國的人文科學(xué)學(xué)位,但也更側(cè)重于多個(gè)學(xué)科——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)等——以解決像兒童肥胖這樣的復(fù)雜問題。換句話說,問題,而不是學(xué)科,是課程的中心。C項(xiàng)意為“它以社會(huì)關(guān)注為中心”。故選C項(xiàng)。3.D　根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知,“任何一個(gè)17歲的孩子會(huì)瘋狂到去一個(gè)還不存在的地方,而不是已經(jīng)存在了150年的地方嗎?”這句話和畫線處是在說該大學(xué)課程的難以實(shí)現(xiàn)和實(shí)施。D項(xiàng)意為“建造這所新大學(xué)很困難”,符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。4.C　根據(jù)文章最后一段大意,在英國,學(xué)生通過招生服務(wù)中心申請(qǐng),考試成績比其他任何事情都重要。相反,在LIS,學(xué)生將在預(yù)先確定的“選拔日”直接申請(qǐng),每個(gè)人都被邀請(qǐng)參加。這一天將包括面對(duì)面的面試,這樣學(xué)?？梢愿玫亓私鈱W(xué)生的背景、動(dòng)機(jī)和激情。因此C項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)和素質(zhì)”符合該段含義。故選C項(xiàng)。(E)1.B　根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Whileeveryonefearsdenialonsomelevel,itisimportanttounderstandthatnoteveryonewillfitineveryjob.(雖然每個(gè)人都在某種程度上害怕被否定,但重要的是要明白,不是每個(gè)人都能勝任每一份工作。)”可知,有些申請(qǐng)者會(huì)被拒絕是因?yàn)樗麄儾贿m合這個(gè)職位。故選B項(xiàng)。2.B　根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Inmanycases,especiallyforthosewhowerenevercalledfor第12頁共12頁,aninterview,asimpleformlettermaybesufficient.(在很多情況下,特別是對(duì)那些從未被要求面試的人來說,一封簡單的套用信函就足夠了。)”可知,通知以前從未接受面試的申請(qǐng)人,可以通過一封簡單的套用信函。故選B項(xiàng)。3.C　根據(jù)文章第三段第四句“Forexample,ifanapplicantispromisingandthehiringmanagerbelievesanotherpositionthatsuitstheapplicant'sskillswillbeopeningup,thiscouldbeawaytoletthatpersonknowhemaysoonhaveanotheropportunity.(例如,如果一個(gè)應(yīng)聘者很有前途,而招聘經(jīng)理認(rèn)為會(huì)有一個(gè)適合他技能的職位出現(xiàn),這可以讓那個(gè)人知道他很快就會(huì)有另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知,當(dāng)應(yīng)聘者也許能勝任另一個(gè)職位時(shí),申請(qǐng)人可以被告知為什么他們沒有被錄用。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A　根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inallcases,evenifyoufeelsomeonehascheatedtoobtainaninterview,neverbehaveinawaywhichshowsyouaresuperiortothem.Thisisunprofessionalandreflectsverypoorlynotonlyonthehiringmanager,buttheorganizationasawhole.(在任何情況下,即使你覺得有人通過欺騙的手段通過了面試,永遠(yuǎn)不要表現(xiàn)得比他們優(yōu)越。這樣做很不專業(yè),不僅會(huì)給招聘經(jīng)理,也會(huì)給整個(gè)組織帶來不好的影響。)”可推斷出,招聘經(jīng)理的職位需要專業(yè)技能。故選A項(xiàng)。(F)1.B　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Moviesalsodisappointuswhenthings...wasmetwithmixedreviewsfromtheaudiences.電影也會(huì)讓我們失望,因?yàn)槭虑椴⒉幌裎覀冊(cè)跁邢胂蟮哪菢?。以史詩電影《特洛伊》為?這部電影中的部分基于荷馬的《伊利亞特》,觀眾對(duì)它的評(píng)價(jià)褒貶不一?？芍娪啊短芈逡痢泛臀覀冏x原著時(shí)想象的不一樣。故選B項(xiàng)。2.D　根據(jù)第三段中Oneofthekeyreasonsbehindthisisthatwhileabookusuallytakesafewdaystoread,amovietypicallylastsundertwohours.這背后的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是,一本書通常需要幾天時(shí)間才能讀完,而一部電影通常持續(xù)不到兩個(gè)小時(shí)?？芍木庪娪白層^眾失望的一個(gè)原因是沒有足夠的時(shí)間讓電影完整地呈現(xiàn)整個(gè)故事。故選D項(xiàng)。3.B　根據(jù)最后一段中Furthermore,booksandmoviesaretwodifferentforms...andnotagainstitsoriginalsource.此外,書籍和電影是兩種不同的媒體形式,因此有不同的規(guī)則?？紤]到這一點(diǎn),也許我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)一部電影本身來評(píng)判它,而不是根據(jù)它的原始來源(即書籍)來評(píng)判它?？芍颂幨钦f電影不同于書籍的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此畫線詞originalsource意為“書籍、書本”。故選B項(xiàng)。 4.A　根據(jù)第一段中Alltoooften,greatwordsendupbeingturnedintocinematic“turkeys”.很多時(shí)候,偉大的詞匯最終變成了電影里的“火雞”。第二段中Ifso,...basedonTheGreatGatsbyneverbeenpraisedas第12頁共12頁,“great”?如果是這樣的話,為什么最早也是最偉大的西方敘事作品之一荷馬的《奧德賽》卻沒有一部同樣偉大的電影以它為基礎(chǔ)呢?電影需要強(qiáng)有力的角色。那么,為什么以《了不起的蓋茨比》為基礎(chǔ)的電影從來沒有被稱贊為“了不起”呢?以及通過下文的描述,可知本文主要是講述了好的書籍可能搬上熒屏?xí)r不會(huì)是一部好的電影,并分析了其背后的一些原因,因此本文選項(xiàng)A:“好書可能不會(huì)被改編成偉大的電影。”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。(G)1.A　作者在第一段引用了父母在育兒時(shí)普遍會(huì)用到的一個(gè)謊言,后面圍繞父母“撒謊式”教育孩子這個(gè)話題展開了討論和講述。由此可知,這個(gè)父母的謊言就是為了引入本文的話題。故選A項(xiàng)。2.D　根據(jù)第二段第一句:研究小組詢問了379名新加坡年輕人:他們小時(shí)候父母是否欺騙過他們,他們現(xiàn)在對(duì)父母撒了多少謊,以及他們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)成年之后的挑戰(zhàn)。由此推斷出此處應(yīng)該是:那些孩童時(shí)期被欺騙得更多的成年人更有可能在成年后欺騙(cheat)父母。故選D項(xiàng)。3.A　根據(jù)第三段最后一句話:父母應(yīng)該意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),并考慮替代說謊的方法,比如承認(rèn)孩子的感受,提供信息讓孩子知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么,提供選擇和一起解決問題,以幫助孩子養(yǎng)成良好的行為。由此可知,父母應(yīng)該考慮給孩子們提供選擇。故選A項(xiàng)。4.C　根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句話:這項(xiàng)研究的一些局限性包括依賴于年輕人對(duì)他們關(guān)于父母撒謊的過去的經(jīng)歷的報(bào)告。助理教授Setoh說:“未來的研究可以利用更多的信息提供者,比如父母,來報(bào)道同樣的話題。”由此推斷出該項(xiàng)研究還有缺陷,有待于進(jìn)一步去完善。故選C項(xiàng)。第12頁共12頁