A卷——小題夯基練Ⅰ.語境填詞1．Thefirewassofierce(兇猛的)thatmanyanimalswerenotabletoescape.2．Beingaddictedtoonlineshoppingfortoolongwillgreatlydecrease(減少)people'sdesiretotakepartinsocialactivities.3．Moremeasuresshouldbetakentostoppeoplehunting(獵取)wildanimals.4．Inmyopinion,nobodycaneasilysucceed(成功)withoutconfidenceandhardwork.5．Johnwenttohospitalimmediatelyafterhewasbitten(咬)byadogyesterday.6．Thiskindoffruitcontains(含有)richVitaminC,soyoucanfeedittoyourkid.7．Peopledevelopapreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyageandthesepreferencesaffect(影響)learning.8．Theideaistofigureoutforeachincident(事件)whowasinvolved,whereithappenedandwhenitmightgodown.Ⅱ.詞形轉換和動詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)1．BecauseofCOVID19,manybusinesses,includingtourismindustryandcateringindustry,havebeenseriouslyharmed(harm)．2．Thewriteratfirstthoughtaboutgivinghisstoryahappyending(end),buthechangedhisidealater.3．(2019·浙江卷6月)Theloss(lose)ofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.4．Parentsattachmuchimportance(important)toeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.5．Shemadecontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection(protect),thoughshewasjustachild.6．Nearlyalloftheyoungpeopleinterviewedbelievedthatworkwasthekeytosuccess(succeed)．7．Withthegovernment'said，thosepeopleaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.,8．Hewasworried，becausehelosthisbagcontaining(contain)hispassport，IDcardandalotofmoney.9．OnthenightoftheMidAutumnDay，peoplegathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciating(appreciate)thefullmoon.10．To_decrease(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式)1．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you'llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.2．Iappreciatebeing_invited(invite)toyourparty,butIhaveanimportantactivitytoattend.3．It'sapitythatthereislittlefoodleft(leave)forthosehungrychildrentoeat.4．Itiscertainthattheywillachievetheirgoalsintimewiththehelpoftheprofessor.5．Afterheretired，theoldmandidallhecouldtoprotecttheoldtemplefrombeing_damaged(damage)．6．Accordingtothereport,scientistshaveagreatmanytheoriesaboutwhentheworldcame(come)intobeing.7．Whatweappreciatedmostwasthatyouhadastrongteamworkspirit,whichallowedustocompleteourtasksveryefficiently.8．Themanhasbeentakentothepolicestationandis_being_questioned(question)bythepolicemennow.Ⅳ.易錯誤用(改正下列語句中的錯誤，每句最多兩處錯誤)1．Aman，bitbyasnake，wentunconsciouswhenhewasinspectedaconstructionsite.Rescueworkersarrivedimmediatelyandrushedhimtothenearesthospital，wheredoctorssucceededtobringinghimbacktolifebycontainthespreadofthepoison.答案：第一句：bit→bitten；inspected→inspecting；第二句：第二個to→in；contain→containing2．Deeplybeingaffected,themanlayinbed，withhiseyesfilledwithtears.He,reallyappreciatedfortherescuers'kindnessandthedoctors'carefultreatment.答案：第一句：刪除being；第二句：刪除for3．Sheisakindheartedwomanandoftenhasamercyonpeoplewhoareintrouble.答案：刪除mercy前的a4．Itwasgreatreliefforhimtofindnothinghadbeenstolen.答案：在great前加a5．IappreciategivensuchagoodchancetomakeaspeechonhowtolearnEnglishwell.答案：在appreciate后加being6．Thescientistexplainedinhisbookhowtheuniversewascameintobeing.答案：刪除wasⅤ.完成句子/句型轉換1．更重要的是，為了保護孩子們免受數(shù)字世界的危害，我們已經(jīng)做了很多工作。Moreimportantly,muchhasbeendonetoprotect_the_children_from_the_danger_ofthedigitalworld.2．例如，曾經(jīng)我的大部分同學建議周末去郊游，但是我認為幫助敬老院的老人更有意義。Forexample，oncemostofmyclassmatessuggestedthat_we(should)_go_outing_at_the_weekend，butIthoughthelpingtheoldatthenursinghomewouldbemoremeaningful.3．讓他們非常高興的是，建造和開放博物館的活動成功地籌集到了1.73億美元。Totheirgreatjoy,thecampaigntobuildandopenthemuseumsucceeded_in_collecting$173million.4．你應該勸你的父親不要喝酒，因為這對他的健康有害。Youshouldpersuadeyourfatheroutofdrinkingbecauseitdoes_harm_to_his_health．,5．TheCollegeEntranceExaminationisdrawingnear,sothestudentsfeelgreatpressure.→With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_drawing_near，thestudentsfeelgreatpressure.(with復合結構)B卷——大題提能練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·東北三省四市高考模擬一)Runningafterfireflies(螢火蟲)onawarmsummernightmightbecomeararechildhoodmemoryifhumansdon'ttakeaction.Thereareover2，000differentfireflyspeciesaroundtheworld,buttheirpopulationsaredecreasingduetoartificiallightpollution,pesticides(殺蟲劑)andsmallerhabitatsize.AteamofTuftsUniversityledresearcherssurveyedscientistsandconservationistsaboutthethreatstofireflypopulationsaroundtheworld.Accordingtothestudy,oneofthemainthreatstofirefliesinEastAsiaandSouthAmericaisartificiallight.Fireflieslightuptoattractmates,buttheycaneasilymistakehumanmadelightsaspotentialpartners.Adultfirefliestypicallyliveonlyafewdays,whichdoesn'tgivethemlongtimetofindamate.Humans'destroyingtheinsects'naturalhabitatscreatesanotherthreat.Duringtheirlarvalphase(幼蟲期),Malaysianfirefliesliveinriversidebushesthatareoftenpulledoutforhumanmadefishfarms.InEurope,Lampyrisfirefliesarefindinglessfoodtoeatduetothegrowingurbanizationofwhatwereoncewoodsandfarmlands.InMalaysia,adultPteroptyxfirefliesthatusuallyprefertomateinspecifictreesnexttorivershavetofindnewmatingareasbecausethetreesarebeingcutdownforfarmhouses.Thestudyalsolookedattheeffectsofclimatechange,tourism,invasive(侵入的)speciesandwaterpollution.Onapositivenote,whilefirefliesaroundtheworldseemtobesufferingfromthepreviouslymentionedissues,BigDipperfireflieslivingintheUShappentobebooming.“Thoseguyscansurviveprettymuchanywhere，”saidSaraLewis,abiologistfromTuftsUniversity.,Thestudyurgescountrieswherefireflypopulationsaredwindlingtotakemeasurestopreservesuitablehabitats,lessenlightpollution,reduceuseofpesticidesanddevelopbetterguidelinesfortourismaroundknownfireflyareas.1．WhatmainlycausesthedropofthefireflypopulationinEastAsia?A．Lightpollution.B．Habitatloss.C．Climatechange.D．Foodshortage.2．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytoadapttotheenvironment?A．TheMalaysianfirefly.B．TheLampyrisfirefly.C．ThePteroptyxfirefly.D．TheBigDipperfirefly.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindling”inparagraph5mean?A．Ontherise.B．Onthedecrease.C．Undercontrol.D．Outofcontrol.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Watchingfirefliesisararechildhoodmemory.B．Cooperationisthekeytofireflyprotection.C．Urbanizationbecomesamainthreattofireflies.D．Humanactivitiesleadtofewerfireflypopulations.【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工光污染、殺蟲劑和較小的棲息地造成螢火蟲的數(shù)量在減少。1．A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“oneofthemainthreatstofirefliesinEastAsiaandSouthAmericaisartificiallight”可知，在東亞，螢火蟲數(shù)量減少的主要原因之一是光污染，故選A。2．D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“BigDipperfireflieslivingintheUShappentobebooming.‘Thoseguyscansurviveprettymuchanywhere’”可知，北斗七星螢火蟲更可能適應環(huán)境，故選D。3．B　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“totakemeasurestopreservesuitable,habitats,lessenlightpollution,reduceuseofpesticidesanddevelopbetterguidelinesfortourismaroundknownfireflyareas”可以判斷，這些都是針對螢火蟲數(shù)量減少而采取的措施，故畫線詞意為“減少”，應選B項。4．D　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的中心句“Thereareover2，000differentfireflyspeciesaroundtheworld,buttheirpopulationsaredecreasingduetoartificiallightpollution,pesticides(殺蟲劑)andsmallerhabitatsize.”可知，本文主要講的是人工光污染、殺蟲劑和較小的棲息地造成螢火蟲的數(shù)量在減少，故D項正確。B(2021·山東新高考第一次模擬)Nexttimeyoufindyourselftendingtoyourflowergarden，youmaywanttostayquiet.Theflowersarelistening.Israeliscientistsdiscoveredthattheplantshearbeesapproachingandattempttoluretheminwithsweeternectar(花蜜)．Inseveralexperiments,theyfoundthatplayingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowerswillcausethesugarconcentrationinthenectartorisebyabout20%inlessthanfiveminutes.Sucharapidreactionbyplantstosoundhadneverpreviouslybeenreported.Justtomakeacomparison,theresearchersalsotriedahigherfrequencynoise—likethatmadebyamosquitoorabat—andtheflowersdidnotrespond.Theauthorspointedoutthatthebehaviorisactuallyinlinewiththenaturalorderofthings,consideringthataplant'sabilitytosenseitsenvironmentandrespondtoitiscriticalforitssurvival.So,itseemsthatplantshavesomesortofconsciousness.Thisisnotthefirsttimethatplantshavereactedtothesoundaroundthem.Ina2009study,theresearchersfoundthatwomen'svoiceshelpmakeplantsgrowfaster.Inthatexperiment，tomatoplantswerefoundtogrowtwoinchestallerwhentheyweretendedtobyafemalegardener.Whatifwetoldyouthatapotatochipbagleftonthefloorofabreakroomcouldlisteninonofficegossip?Aspeopleweretalkingaroundthepotatochipbag,theywere,sendingtinysoundvibrations(震動)intotheair.Thosevibrationsthenhitlifelessobjectsaroundtheroom.Ifyouhadacamerathatwaszoomedinononeofthoseobjectsextremelyclosely,intheory,youcouldactuallyseetheobjectmovealongwiththevibrations.Youcouldthenfeedthatvideointoacomputerprogramthatcouldtranslatethevibrationsandyoucouldplaybacktheaudiooftheconversationthatjusttookplace.Sothenexttimeyou'reatthebotanicalgardenorinagroceryaisle，becarefulwhatyousay.Someone—orsomething—mightbelistening.5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“lure”inparagraph2?A．Shut.B．Attract.C．Trap.D．Lead.6．Whatisvitalforplantstosurvive?A．Thesoiltheydependontogrow.B．Theaudiorecordingsplayedtothem.C．Theidentificationtothesoundfrequency.D．Thepowertosenseandreacttotheenvironment.7．Whatcanspeedupthegrowthofplants?A．Thewomen'svoice.B．Thestrengthofthevibration.C．Thespeciesoftheyoungplant.D．Thenumberofthemusicplayed.8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thefrequencyofvibrationsdeterminesplants'growth.B．Soundvibrationscanbeprocessedintoaudio.C．Buzzingbeescanincreasetheproductionofnectar.D．Plantsorlifelessobjectsmayhavetheabilitytolisten.【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，植物會對周圍的聲音作出反應，而無生命的物體也會隨聲波的震動動起來。5．B　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和語境可知，當植物聽到蜜蜂靠近時，會試圖用更甜的花蜜吸引它們，故選B“吸引”。,6．D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“aplant'sabilitytosenseitsenvironmentandrespondtoitiscriticalforitssurvival”可知，D項“感知環(huán)境并對環(huán)境作出反應的能力”正確。7．A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“theresearchersfoundthatwomen'svoiceshelpmakeplantsgrowfaster”可知A項正確。8．D　解析：主旨大義題。文章開頭說植物聽到蜜蜂靠近就會試圖用更甜的花蜜來吸引它們，后面說薯片的包裝袋可能會偷聽辦公室的閑聊，再結合文章最后一句“Someone—orsomething—mightbelistening.”可知，這句話總結了全文大意，故選D項“植物或無生命物體可能有聽的能力”?！倦y句分析】　Inseveralexperiments，theyfoundthatplayingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowerswillcausethesugarconcentrationinthenectartorisebyabout20%inlessthanfiveminutes.分析：這是一個復合句。that引導賓語從句，作found的賓語，在該賓語從句中playingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowers為動詞ing短語作主語。譯文：在數(shù)個實驗中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在一些花周圍播放嗡嗡的蜜蜂聲音的錄音，將會引起花蜜中糖的濃度在不到五分鐘的時間里增加大約20%。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·南昌高三一模)CaoimheMcconwaywasamotheroftwo.Shewas__1__adeliveryofbabyclothesforheryoungdaughterFéahafterplacinga(n)__2__online，butthepackagenever__3__ittoherhomeinLisburn，NorthernIreland.That'sbecause，unknowntoherandthedeliverycompany，ithad__4__thebackofatruckhundredsofmilesaway，andthenewclotheshadbeen__5__afterbeing“spreadeverywhere”bythe__6__traffic.Thepackagehadbeen__7__byanothermum，whodecidedtostepinwithanincredible__8__．Afewdayslater，Caoimhereceivedadeliverywithanotewhich__9__：DearCaoimhe，,Iamwritingtotellyouthatthe__10__youwerewaitingforwithbabyclothesinwillnotbe__11__，asunfortunatelyitmusthavefallenoffthetruckasInoticeditwhilewalkingtoschool.Ifoundyour__12__onthepackagesothatIsendsomenewbabyclothesforyou，whichIhope__13__yourbaby.Iwouldhavecollectedthemofftheroadbuttheywerespreadeverywhereandall__14__andoily.Sincerely，Emily__15__thecardonthesocialmedia，Caoimhewrote，“Howamazingisshe，acomplete__16__！IfanyoneknowsanEmilyfromMaidstone，pleasetellhershe'scompletelyrestoredmy__17__inhumanity.”__18__，injustafewhoursthepostmadeitswayfromNorthernIrelandtoKentandamessage__19__inCaoimhe'smailboxfromEmily.Caoimhesaid，“Weexchangednumbersandhavebeenin__20__throughWhatsAppregularly.Ithinkit'slovelythatwehavebecomefriendsthroughthis.”1．A.openingB．expectingC．providingD．checking2．A.depositB．requestC．orderD．instruction3．A.gotB．tookC．reachedD．made4．A.droppedfromB．knockedoverC．pulleddownD．slidinto5．A.stolenB．ruinedC．collectedD．torn6．A.busyB．convenientC．easyD．slow7．A.spottedB．returnedC．sentD．hidden8．A.storyB．pattern,C．gestureD．practice9．A.wroteB．toldC．readD．informed10．A.envelopeB．suitcaseC．emailD．parcel11．A.leavingB．a(chǎn)rrivingC．happeningD．remaining12．A.photoB．occupationC．conditionD．information13．A.benefitB．fitC．prepareD．excite14．A.cleanB．wornC．dirtyD．fresh15．A.PostingB．PublishingC．HangingD．Holding16．A.neighborB．helperC．donorD．stranger17．A.freedomB．mercyC．prideD．faith18．A.UnbelievablyB．GraduallyC．OriginallyD．Reasonably19．A.steppedB．landedC．stoppedD．rushed20．A.turnB．lifeC．touchD．relation1．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“youwerewaitingforwithbabyclothesin”可推知，卡奧恩在網(wǎng)上下了訂單后正在家期待收到自己的包裹。2．C　解析：參見上題解析。placeanorder意為“下訂單”。3．D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“unfortunatelyitmusthavefallenoffthetruck”,可推知，卡奧恩的包裹不能成功到達了，因為她的包裹已經(jīng)從運送的車上掉了下來。makeitto...意為“成功到達……”。4．A　解析：參見上題解析。5．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“buttheywerespreadeverywhereandall______andoily”可知，包裹里的衣服散落一地，而且又臟又油，由此可推知，新衣服都被糟蹋了。B項意為“糟蹋、毀壞”，故B項正確。6．A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“being‘spreadeverywhere’”并結合常識可推知，當時交通繁忙。7．A　解析：根據(jù)下文講述的埃米莉給卡奧恩郵寄衣服可推知，掉落的包裹被另一個媽媽，即埃米莉發(fā)現(xiàn)了。spot意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。8．D　解析：根據(jù)下文講述的埃米莉的做法可知，埃米莉發(fā)現(xiàn)包裹后，決定以一種不可思議的做法援之以手。practice意為“做法”。9．C　解析：根據(jù)下文便條的內容可知，此處表示便條上寫著(read)。在英文中這種表達經(jīng)常用say或read。10．D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“butthepackagenever______ittoherhome”可知，此處表示卡奧恩所等待被遞送的裝有嬰兒衣物的包裹，與下文中的“onthepackage”呼應。parcel意為“包裹”，故選D。11．B　解析：與上文中的“thepackagenever______ittoherhome”呼應可知，此處表示卡奧恩所等待的包裹到不了她的家里了。arrive意為“到達、抵達”。12．D　解析：根據(jù)下文講述的埃米莉給卡奧恩郵寄衣服可知，埃米莉在包裹上發(fā)現(xiàn)了卡奧恩的相關信息。13．B　解析：根據(jù)語境和常識可推知，埃米莉希望她寄的嬰兒服卡奧,恩的女兒能穿著合身。fit意為“適合、合身”，故選B。14．C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“collectedthemofftheroadbuttheywerespreadeverywhere”和“andoily”可推知，散落在路上的衣服又臟又油。15．A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“thepost”可推知，卡奧恩把附帶在包裹里的卡片發(fā)布在社交媒體上了。post意為“發(fā)布”。16．D　解析：根據(jù)下一句中的“IfanyoneknowsanEmilyfromMaidstone”可推知，卡奧恩并不認識埃米莉，因此對于卡奧恩來講，埃米莉是一個素不相識的人，故選D項。B項意為“幫手、助手”，C項意為“捐贈者”。17．D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，埃米莉(的善舉)完全恢復了卡奧恩對人性的信心。faith意為“信任、信心”。18．A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“injustafewhoursthepostmadeitswayfromNorthernIrelandtoKent”可推知，令人難以置信的是，僅僅在幾個小時內卡奧恩的帖子就從北愛爾蘭傳到了肯特郡。19．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Weexchangednumbers”可推知，一條來自埃米莉的信息到達了卡奧恩的郵箱。20．C　解析：根據(jù)下句“Ithinkit'slovelythatwehavebecomefriendsthroughthis.”可推知，卡奧恩和埃米莉交換了號碼，而且經(jīng)常通過WhatsApp聯(lián)系，并最終成了朋友。beintouch(withsb.)意為“(與……)有聯(lián)系”。Ⅲ.短文改錯(2021·太原高三模擬)IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIaminprimaryschool，butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.NomatterhowhardlyItried，Icouldn'tunderstandclearlywhichmyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.Oneday，IwassurfingtheInternetwhileanadvertisementforEnglishlisteningdrewyourattention.Tomyamaze，itwasawebsitewhererecordingofsomewellknownbooks,wereprovided.Whenseethewebsite，Ifellinloveit，whichturnedouttobethatuseful.NowIhavemadeaprogressinlistening.答案：IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIinprimaryschool，butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.NomatterhowItried，Icouldn'tunderstandclearlymyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.Oneday，IwassurfingtheInternetanadvertisementforEnglishlisteningdrewattention.Tomy，itwasawebsitewhereofsomewellknownbookswereprovided.Whenthewebsite，Ifellinloveit，whichturnedouttobethatuseful.NowIhavemadeprogressinlistening.①am改為was。動詞時態(tài)誤用。since引導時間狀語從句時，從句時態(tài)一般用一般過去時，此處講述的事情發(fā)生在過去，應用一般過去時，所以將am改為was。②hardly改為hard。副詞混用。hardly意為“幾乎不”，hard作副詞時意為“努力地、猛烈地”，結合句意“無論我多么努力地嘗試”可知，此處應將hardly改為hard。③which改為what。引導詞誤用。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，作understand的賓語，結合句意“我無法清楚地明白老師或當?shù)厝怂f的話”可知，此處引導詞應用what，所以將which改為what。④while改為when。連詞誤用。本句為固定句型“sb.was/weredoing...when...”，意為“某人正在做……突然……”，所以將while改為when。,⑤your改為my。代詞誤用。結合句意“一條英語聽力的廣告吸引了我的注意力”可知，此處代詞your應該改為my。⑥amaze改為amazement。動詞和名詞混用。toone's＋n.為固定表達，意為“令某人……的是”，所以把amaze改為amazement。⑦recording改為recordings。名詞單復數(shù)誤用。分析句子結構可知，本句謂語動詞為wereprovided，所以主語應該為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，recordingofsomewellknownbooks為主語，核心詞為recording，所以將recording改為recordings。⑧see改為seeing。動詞形式誤用。分析句子結構可知，本句謂語為fell，空處作非謂語，邏輯主語為I，兩者之間為主動關系，作時間狀語，所以將see改為seeing。⑨love后加with。介詞漏用。fallinlovewith...為固定用法，意為“愛上……”，所以在love后加with。⑩去掉a。冠詞多用。makeprogress為固定用法，意為“取得進步”，其中progress為不可數(shù)名詞，所以將不定冠詞a去掉。