A卷——小題夯基練Ⅰ.語境填詞1．Beethovenwasoneofthegreatestmusicians(音樂家)andleftusalargenumberofworks.2．Thewriterofthisbookcriticizedsomepoliticalissuesinahumorous(幽默的)way.3．Tomputhisheartintothewildliferesearch,andfinallyhiseffortsearned(贏得)himgreatsuccessandfame.4．Thegirlstudentisverysensitive(敏感的)towhatothersthinkofherandeasilyannoyedbycomments,whethertheyarepraiseorcriticism.5．Shortlyafterwards,Darsonreceivedaninvitation(邀請)tospeakabouthisresearchatanationalconference.6．Whenthefirebrokeout,manypassersby(過路人)volunteeredtoputitout.Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)1．(2020·天津卷7月)Thedancer'sincredibleperformance(perform)hadtheaudienceonitsfeetclappingfor10minutesattheendoftheshow.2．(全國卷Ⅱ)Theylooksoattractive(attract)andalivethatIthinkyoucouldbeinterestedintheexhibition.3．Youarelikelytosucceedwhenyouhaveworkedwithgreatdevotion(devote)andperseverance.4．Theysaidgoodbyetothevillagers,withtearsrolling(roll)downtheircheeks.5．Afterthenewswas_broadcast(broadcast)thatourspaceshipreturnedtotheearthsafely,weallcheeredwithgreatjoy.6．ThejourneytoMountQomolangmamaybeadifficult,painful(pain)processbutcertainlyworththeeffort.7．Relying(rely)toomuchonyourparentsinyourchildhoodwillmakeyouunabletobeindependentwhenyougrowup.8．Witharecentphotographattached(attach)tohisapplicationform,hesenthisformtothecompany.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式),1．Astourismgrowsincreasinglypopular，Chinesearebecomingparticularlysensitivetoimproperbehavior.2．Heisalwayswillingtohelpothers,soeveryonehereisfamiliarwithhim.3．Thenaughtyboypretendedto_be_reading(read)aloudinthestudywhenheheardhisfatheropenthedoor.4．Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswordstowhichpeopleattachpositivemeanings.5．I'mgratefultomyEnglishteacher,withoutwhosehelpIcouldn'thavemadegreatprogress.6．Davidisconfidentabouthisfuture,hoping(hope)tofindawellpaidjobinShanghai.7．Theteamclimbedtothetopofthemountain,fromwheretheycouldgetabetterviewofthewholetown.8．Hisconditionwassoseriousthathecouldn'tbreathewithoutthespecialmachine.Ⅳ.易錯誤用(改正下列語句中的錯誤，每句最多兩處錯誤)1．Chinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetodrinkalcoholonimportantoccasions，especiallywhentheirbestfriendsmeet.TakingLinBin'sweddingceremonyforexample.About40peopletookpart，mostofthemwerehisfamilymembersandrelatives.Theyplayedjokesandtricksofthenewcouplebeforetheygotdrunk.答案：第一句：drink→drinking；第二句：Taking→Take；第三句：them→whom；第四句：of→on2．Heisreallyconsideringdevotinghimselftoeducatethesechildrenofthepoormountainvillage.答案：educate→educating3．Itissaidthathewillgiveperformanceinourcitynextmonth.答案：在performance前加a4．Theirmarriagehasbeenbrokenupsincetheincidentcameabout.,答案：刪掉been5．Theinterview，broadcastingliveacrossthenationtheotherday,attractedalargenumberofviewers.答案：broadcasting→broadcastⅤ.完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．說實在的，鄭和——明代的一位探險家——是我在中國歷史上最喜愛的人物。To_be_honest,_ZhengHe,anexplorerinMingDynasty,is_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history．2．因此，當我坐在教室做試卷時，感到精力旺盛，信心十足。Sowhilesittingintheclassroomanddoingmypapers,Iwas_full_of_energy_and_felt_confident．3．(全國卷Ⅰ)Besides,inordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTangDynastybeforeclass.→In_addition,_inordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTangDynastybeforeclass.4．Ourparentsbelievedthateducationwasveryimportant,andtheymanagedtosendustothebestschool.→Ourparentsattached_great_importance_to_education,_andtheymanagedtosendustothebestschool.B卷——大題提能練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·浙江三市聯(lián)考)Wespendagreatamountoftimelisteningtomusic.Mostcollegestudentslistentomusicatleastthreeorfourtimesaweek，andmorethan50percentofthemgotoatleastoneconcertperyear.Accordingtonewresearch,wemaybebornlikingmusic，becausehumanbeingsareborntofindcertain_combinations_of_soundsattractive.Forexample,young,childrencanrecognizeafamiliarsongevenwhenitskeyischanged.Similarly,theyrespondwithmoreemotionstotheirmothers'singingthantotheirmothers'speech.Carefulanalysisofmothers'childdirectedsongsindicatesthateachmother'ssongsremainstablefromone“performance”tothenext,andthismayencouragechildren'sengagementwiththesongs.Researchwithadultssuggeststhatmusiccatchesourattentionbyactivating(激活)brainpathwaysthataremostsuitedtoprocessingmusicthantoprocessingotherkindsofsound.Specifically,musicappreciationreliesontheauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)ontherightsideofthebrain,whichisspecializedtoprocesssoundthatcharacterizesmusic—incontrasttotheleftauditorycortex,whichprocessesthestopandstartburstsofsoundthatcharacterizespeech.Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking,anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.Furthermore,itisclearthatmusiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions.Personallysignificantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward,thesameareasthatareactivatedbysexandgoodfood.Researchersdonotagreeabouthowhumans'abilitiestoprocessandenjoymusichavecomeintobeing.Anyway,thenexttimeyouenjoylisteningtoapieceofmusic,rememberthatthemostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentaretheonesbetweenyourheadphones.1．Whichofthefollowingmightbelongtothe“certaincombinationsofsounds”inparagraph2?A．Asong.B．Adebate.C．Aquarrel.D．Adialogue.2．Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that________．A．nodoubtmusiccanincreasepeople'sthinkingabilityB．musicsimplygivespeoplepositiveemotionsC．onlymusiccangivepeoplepurepleasureandrewardD．musichasagreatinfluenceonhumanbeings3．Accordingtothepassage,themostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentlie________．,A．a(chǎn)tacollegeB．inaconcertC．inthebrainD．intheheadphone【解題導語】　本文是一篇議論文。作者主要論述了音樂對人有著非常積極的作用。1．A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“wemaybebornlikingmusic，becausehumanbeingsareborntofindcertaincombinationsofsoundsattractive”可知，此處提到的certaincombinationsofsounds應(yīng)該與上文的music有關(guān)，屬于音樂范疇，故推斷答案為A項。debate(辯論)，quarrel(爭吵)，dialogue(對話)都不屬于音樂范疇，故排除。2．D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。第四段中的“listeningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities”“musiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions”“significantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward”都說明了音樂對人的影響巨大，故答案為D項。3．C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“rememberthatthemostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentaretheonesbetweenyourheadphones”可知，兩只耳機間的東西是最復雜的聲音設(shè)備，而兩只耳機間的正是人的大腦。故答案為C項。【難句分析】　Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking，anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.分析：這是一個復合句。anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities是主句，而該主句中又包含thatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities賓語從句。Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking是讓步狀語從句，而whethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking又是該狀語從句中about后的賓語從句。譯文：盡管一些心理學家仍然對音樂是否會對我們的思維產(chǎn)生強大的影響持懷疑態(tài)度，但一些研究表明，聽音樂可以提高人們的空間推理能力。,BPicturealecturesessionatabusinessschoolandyouprobablyimaginestudentsgazingatscreensfilledwithequations(方程式)．WhatyoumightnotexpectisstudentsattemptingtosingOClapYourHands.ButBartlebywastreatedtothis_delightonavisittoSaïdBusinessSchoolinOxfordearlierthisyear.Therewasacatch.Someofthestudentshadtotryconductingthechorus.Thefirsttotakethechallengewasaratherselfconfidentyoungman.Itdidn'ttakelongforhimtogowrong.Hismostobviousmistakewastostartconductingwithoutaskingthesingershowtheywouldliketobedirected,thoughtheyhadtheexpertiseandhewasacompletebeginner.Thesession,organizedbyPegramHarrison,aseniorfellowinentrepreneurship(創(chuàng)業(yè)學),cleverlyallowedthestudentstoabsorbsomeimportantleadershiplessons.Forexample,leadersshouldlistentotheirteams,especiallywhentheircolleagueshavespecialistknowledge.Otherbusinessschoolshavealsorealizedthattheirstudentscanlearnfromthearts.AtCarnegieMellonUniversity,LeanneMeyerhasintroducedaleadershiptrainingprogrammethatincludespoetryandabookclub.Shebelievedthatinvolvementinsuchpursuitscanhelpdevelopempathy(同理心)infutureleadersandthattheprogrammebenefitsstudentsintermsofhowtheypromotethemselvestorecruiters(招聘人員)．TheRoyalAcademyofDramaticArt(RADA)hastrainedmanygreatdramatists.Italsoofferstrainingcoursesformanagers.“Actingisaboutfindingthetruthinthecharacterandinyourself，”saysWalkerWise,oneofRADA'stutors.Beingamanagerinvolvesalotmorethanjustsettingtargets.Itrequiresempathyandaknowledgeofhumannature.Aneducationintheartsmighthelpdevelopthosequalities.Aboveall,thestudentsonHarrison'scoursewereexperiencingsomethingBartlebyneverexpectedtoseeinthoseattendinganMBAlecture—theywerehavingfun.【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過在牛津大學賽德商學院進行的指揮合唱表演的嘗試，人們意識到商學院的學生可以從藝術(shù)中學到許多東西，即藝術(shù)教育可能有助于培養(yǎng)未來管理人員的同理心和對人性的了解。4．Whatdoes“thisdelight”inparagraph1referto?A．Singinginabusinessclass.B．VisitingSaïdBusinessSchool.,C．Picturingalecturesession.D．Gazingascreensfullofequations.A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhatyoumightnotexpectisstudentsattemptingtosingOClapYourHands.ButBartlebywastreatedtothis_delightonavisittoSaïdBusinessSchoolinOxfordearlierthisyear.(你可能想不到的是學生們會唱《拍手吧》。但今年早些時候，巴特比在訪問牛津大學的賽德商學院時，卻受到了這樣的款待。)”可知，前句“想不到學生們會唱《拍手吧》”，用一個轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but來說明，巴特比在訪問商學院時卻受到的款待，即學生在商務(wù)課上唱歌。故選A。5．WhichofthefallowingbestdescribesthesessionbyPegramHarrison?A．Commonandinfluential.B．Educationalandeffortless.C．Challengingandinstructive.D．Controversialandpractical.C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，這次會議由創(chuàng)業(yè)學高級研究員佩格拉姆·哈里森組織，他巧妙地讓學生們學習了一些重要的領(lǐng)導技能的課程。例如，領(lǐng)導者應(yīng)該傾聽團隊的意見，特別是當他們的同事有專業(yè)知識時。由此可推斷出，這次會議有指導性(instructive)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Aneducationintheartsmighthelpdevelopthosequalities.Aboveall,thestudentsonHarrison'scourse...(藝術(shù)教育可能有助于培養(yǎng)這些品質(zhì)。最重要的是，參加哈里森課程的學生們正在經(jīng)歷著巴特比從未料到的事情……)”可知，課程具有挑戰(zhàn)性(challenging)。故選C。6．Whatshouldaleaderdobasedontheconductingexperience?A．Offerpromotionopportunities.B．Valueteammembers'opinion.C．Setspecifictargets.D．Controleverystep.,B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hismostobviousmistakewastostartconductingwithoutaskingthesingershowtheywouldliketobedirected,thoughtheyhadtheexpertiseandhewasacompletebeginner.(他最明顯的錯誤是，在開始指揮時沒有詢問歌手他們希望如何被指揮，盡管他們有專業(yè)知識，而他是一個完全的新手。)”和第三段中的“cleverlyallowedthestudentstoabsorbsomeimportantleadershiplessons.Forexample,leadersshouldlistentotheirteams,especiallywhentheircolleagueshavespecialistknowledge(巧妙地讓學生們學習一些重要的領(lǐng)導技能的課程。例如，領(lǐng)導者應(yīng)該傾聽團隊的意見，尤其是當他們的同事有專業(yè)知識的時候)”可推斷出，領(lǐng)導者應(yīng)當重視團隊成員的意見。故選B。7．Howdoesactingcontributetobeingamanager?A．Itprovidesentertainment.B．Itdevelopsgoalsettingskills.C．Itexposesthetruthinbusiness.D．Ithelpsunderstandhumannature.D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Italsoofferstrainingcoursesformanagers.‘Actingisaboutfindingthetruthinthecharacterandinyourself，’saysWalkerWise,oneofRADA'stutors.Beingamanagerinvolvesalotmorethanjustsettingtargets.Itrequiresempathyandaknowledgeofhumannature.(皇家戲劇藝術(shù)學院還為管理人員提供培訓課程。該學院的一位導師沃克·懷斯說：‘表演就是在角色和自己身上找尋真相’。作為一名管理者，不僅僅是設(shè)定目標，它需要同理心和對人性的了解。)”可推知，作為一為管理人員，表演有助于理解人性。故選D。Ⅱ.七選五(2021·惠州高三第一次調(diào)研)Howdoyouwakeupinthemorning?Ifyousetanalarmonyourphoneorclockthatsoundslikethis：beepbeepbeep,thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshakeoffthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess(昏昏沉沉).1.________？Arecentstudysaysyes.Theansweris,music.Researcherssayalarmsthathaveamelodycanhelppeoplefeelfresherinthemorning.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.2.________．Sleepinertia(慣性)isanothertermforgrogginess.3.________，andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.Peopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia'sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.Thegrogginesswemayfeelinthemorningusuallylastsforupto30minutes,butsomemaylastfromtwotofourhours.Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.4.________，especiallywhentheyperformdutiesthatrequireatopperformancewithinthisperiodorforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake.So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup？5.________．A．PossiblythedifferenttonesinitB．Simplythesinglesoundof“beeping”C．So,isthereabetterwaytowakeupD．So,whatisabetterwaytowakeupE．Butforthosewhodo,careshouldbetakenF．ItmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingupG．Theyalsoexpressedhowtheyfeelaboutthatsoundandhowtheyfeelwhentheywakeup【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，更容易讓人早上感到清醒的不是手機設(shè)置的令人討厭的“嘟嘟”聲，而是美妙的音樂聲。1．C　解析：考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)下文“Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.”以及空后的問號可知，空處為一問句且為一般疑問句，內(nèi)容承接上文提及的手機嘟嘟聲難以讓人甩掉早上昏昏沉沉的感覺的內(nèi)容，故此處問的是有沒有更好的叫醒方式，故C項正確。2．G　解析：考查上下文銜接。由前一句“Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.”可知，參加研究者回答了關(guān)于他們想要醒來時伴隨的鈴聲的問題。據(jù)此可以判斷，與該句中的sound呼應(yīng)，,空處應(yīng)說明他們還表達了自己對這種聲音的感受以及醒來后的感受。故G項正確。3．F　解析：考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該句后半句“andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping”并結(jié)合語境可推知，此處應(yīng)是解釋什么是grogginess(昏昏沉沉)，故F項“它意味著在醒來時，人們會有沉重的感覺”與此處匹配。4．E　解析：考查上下文銜接。上文提到不是所有人都會經(jīng)歷整個影響過程，結(jié)合下文可推斷，空處講述經(jīng)歷該過程的人應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對。下文中的forpeople和E項中的forthose相呼應(yīng)，故E項正確。5．A　解析：考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前的問句“So，whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup？”可知，空處應(yīng)是回答該問題；結(jié)合上文和常識可知，音樂鬧鐘更適合喚醒可能是因為它有不同的音調(diào)，故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空(2021·日照高三第一次校際聯(lián)合考試)AcrossnorthernAfrica,thedesertissteadilygrowing.Drylandsarespreading.ButaboldprojectknownastheGreatGreenWallaimstostopthe1.____________(grow)ofthedesert.Theambitiousprogramincludesplans2.____________(help)protectandmaintainresourcesandfightpoverty.Farmersarelearningtocarefortheirlandandusewater3.____________(wise)．Theyarealsoplantingmillionsoftreesandcrops.TheGreatGreenWallwouldcover4.____________areamorethan4，000mileswide—fromSenegalinthewesttoDjiboutiintheeast.TheGreatGreenWall5.____________(approve)bytheAfricanUnionin2007.TheprogramreceivessupportfromtheUnitedNations,theWorldBank,andothergroups.TheGreatGreenWall'streesprovideabarrier6.____________desertwindsandhelpholdmoisture(水分)intheairandsoil,7.____________(allow)cropstogrow.Intime,therichersoilwillprovidemorelandforanimalstograzeon.Moreresourceswillbringmorejobs.“Thegoalistocreatesustainablelandmanagement，”saidNoraBerrahmouni,aforestryofficer8.____________workswiththeU．N.FoodandAgricultureOrganization.,TreesandcropshavebeenplantedinSenegalandNiger.An9.____________(add)benefitoftheGreatGreenWallisthatcountriesintheregionaresharinginformationaboutwhichprogramsworkandwhichdon't.Now,alongwithtrees，10.____________(idea)aretakingroot.【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。北非沙漠化逐年嚴重。為了阻止沙漠化進一步惡化，一個名為非洲綠色長城的計劃開始啟動。本文介紹了此計劃的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1．growth　解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為名詞，被定冠詞the和介詞短語ofthedesert修飾，所以填growth。2．tohelp　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語動詞形式，又根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式短語作plans的后置定語，所以填tohelp。3．wisely　解析：考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)為副詞形式，修飾動詞use，作狀語，所以填wisely。4．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。area此處作“地區(qū)，地域”講為可數(shù)名詞，在文中第一次出現(xiàn)，表泛指，又area的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以填不定冠詞an。5．wasapproved　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)為句子的謂語，且和句子主語TheGreatGreenWall構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；又由時間狀語in2007可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語為單數(shù)，所以填wasapproved。6．a(chǎn)gainst　解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表達“防，抗”的含義，所以填against。7．a(chǎn)llowing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞，和句子主語TheGreatGreenwall'strees構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式allowing。8．who/that　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾指人的先行詞aforestryofficer，所以填who/that。9．a(chǎn)dded　解析：考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椕~benefit，所以填形容詞added，意為“額外的”。10．ideas　解析：考查名詞單復數(shù)。此處idea為可數(shù)名詞，在句子中作主語，且和謂語動詞的復數(shù)形式are呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)用名詞復數(shù)形式，所以填ideas。