A卷——小題夯基練Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞1．Thereportfoundthatdrinkingaproperamountofgreenteacanbepartofahealthydiet(飲食)．2．Manypeopleexperiencedifficultyinpayingofftheirdebts(債務(wù))．3．Ifyouplaceanordernow,wewillgiveyoua5%discount(折扣)．4．Notknowinghowtomakeaproperchoiceaboutthatthing,Tomdecidedtoconsult(咨詢)Mr.Black.5．Itisverycommontoeatraw(生的)vegetablesinsomeWesterncountries.6．Infact,itishardformostpeopletobalance(權(quán)衡)theirworkandlifegoalsinmodernsociety.7．Ithinkthegirlwhowashonestlied(說(shuō)謊)tome,whichmademedisappointment.8．Forthesakeofyourhealth,you'dbetternoteatfoodwhichishardtodigest(消化)beforesleeping.Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)1．(2020·天津卷7月)Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosity(curious)anddiscontentandkeepthemawake.2．Keepingabalanced(balance)dietandtakingexercisesregularlyarerecognizedashealthylifestyles.3．Asagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'strengths(strength)andweaknesses.4．(2020·浙江卷7月讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Heexposedhissharpteeth,glaring(glare)atusasheranforward.5．Thebeautifulscenery,combined(combine)withlovelyweatheranddeliciousfood,madeourvisittoQingdaopleasantandunforgettable.6．Lucywillimproveherhealthifsheeatslessfried(fry)foodandsnackfood.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)1．Learntocombineyourknowledgewith/andexperience，andyouaresureto,succeed.2．ThankstoYuanLongping'sgreatwork,millionsofpeoplecanbenefitfrom/byhisextraordinarywork.3．Heturnedupyesterday,aimingtoconsultwithhisfriendaboutthematter.4．Noonecouldperformbetter(well)thantheathletewhoachievedgreatsuccessintheOlympicGames.5．ThedoctortoldBobhisheartwasinpoorconditionandthathemustcutdownonalcoholandsmoking.6．Thereisnolimittowhatcanbeaccomplishedwhennoonecareswhogetsthehonour.Ⅳ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列語(yǔ)句中的錯(cuò)誤，每句最多兩處錯(cuò)誤)1．Ithinkhealthlieswithexercise,whichcanbuildupourstrengths.Besides,inordertokeephealthy,wealsoshouldcombineproperexercisewithabalancediet.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldcutuptheamountoffastfoodweeateveryday,whichcanbeofgreatbenefitforus.Ibelievethatnomedicineisgoodthanexerciseandhealthydiets.答案：第一句：with→in;strengths→strength；第二句：balance→balanced；第三句：up→down；for→to；第四句：good→better2．Asweallknow,thereisnolimittohelpthepeopleintrouble.答案：help→helping3．Whynotgavehimachancetoadmirethescenerywithyou?答案：gave→give4．Thetwoyoungmenjuststoodthere,glaredateachotherandsayingnothing.答案：glared→glaring5．Atpresent,neitherhenoryouishavingfunwithchildren.答案：is→areⅤ.完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯1．(2018·北京卷滿分作文)你應(yīng)該在來(lái)之前學(xué)一些基本的漢語(yǔ)，這可能會(huì)使你適應(yīng)北京的生活。You_ought_to_learn_some_basic_Chinesebeforeyoucome,whichmaymakeyou,adjustyourselftothelifeinBeijing.2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)文章的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)限制在400詞左右。Thelengthofthearticleshould_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so．3．均衡飲食并且養(yǎng)成早睡早起的好習(xí)慣對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。It'sveryimportantforustokeep_a_balanced_diet_and_form_the_good_habit_ofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.4．Whataninterestingnovel！Ihaveneverreadamoremovingone.→It's_the_most_moving_novel_thatIhaveeverread.(it作形式主語(yǔ))5．練中國(guó)功夫不僅能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，還能培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人的品質(zhì)。①PractisingChinesekungfucannot_only_build_up_one's_strength_but_alsodevelopone'scharacter.②Not_only_can_practising_Chinese_kungfu_build_up_one's_strength_but_alsodevelopone'scharacter.(倒裝句)B卷——大題提能練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ARecentfindingshaveshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperception(感知)ofthefoodinfrontofus.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshorttermmemorymayalsoplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey'deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM．Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.“Hungerisn'tcontrolledmerelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal.”Brunstromsays.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody'sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2016study,forinstance,,peoplewhodrankthesame380caloriemilkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhungerrelatedhormones(荷爾蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake'slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefillwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahighercaloricshake.1．Whataffectsourappetiteaccordingtothenewstudy?A．Howmuchweremembereating.B．Whattimeweeatourlastmeal.C．Howmuchweeatourlastmeal.D．Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.2．Theunderlinedword“echo”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby“________”．A．indicateB．reflectC．a(chǎn)resupportedbyD．a(chǎn)reimprovedby3．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Goodeatinghabitscontributetoourhealth.B．Eatingspeedoftenaffectsourfooddigestion.C．Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.D．Ourbiologicalneedforenergydeterminesourfoodintake.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人們的食欲和食物攝取受到包括環(huán)境和對(duì)食物的認(rèn)知等諸多因素的影響，并且引用相關(guān)科學(xué)研究論證這些影響因素，特別指出飲食環(huán)境、對(duì)食物的記憶、食物包裝上的標(biāo)簽對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的心理暗示作用影響飲食。1．A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey'deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.”可知，人們的饑餓程度不是由他們吃了多少而是他們?cè)诿媲翱吹搅硕嗌偈澄?mdash;—也就是記得吃了多少來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)的。故選A。2．C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”和第四段中的,“Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody'sresponsetothefooditself.”可知，這表明饑餓和食物攝入之間的關(guān)系比我們想象中要復(fù)雜，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)就……了之前的研究，該研究表明有時(shí)我們對(duì)食物的感知會(huì)欺騙我們身體對(duì)食物本身的反應(yīng)。由句意推測(cè)畫(huà)線單詞的意思是“一致、呼應(yīng)”。故選C。3．C　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容和第一段中的“Recentfindingshaveshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperception(感知)ofthefoodinfrontofus.”可知，本文主要介紹了影響人們食欲的心理因素。故選C。B(2021·東北三省四市高考模擬二)Untillastyear,Borriswouldneverturndownaporksteak.Bythetimehisowner,AnnemarieFormoy,enteredhiminthePDSAPetFitClubcompetition,hewas28kg—almostdoublehisrecommendedweight.Thankstoatailoredsixmonthdietandexercise,heisnow7kglighter.Borris,athisheaviest,wasnotalone.Theworldwiderateofpetobesity(肥胖癥)liesbetween22%and44%.Thereasonsarefairlypredictable.Ownersofoverweightdogsfeedthemmoresnacksandtableleftovers,aremorelikelytohavetheirpetspresentastheypreparetheirownmealsandarelesslikelytowalkthemdaily.Ownersofobesecatstendtousefoodasarewardandplaywiththemless.Butobesityalsoseemstobeoccurringeveninsomewildanimalsthataren'tbeingoverfedorunderexercised.Ifthesefindingsaretrue,somethingelsemustbedrivingobesityanduncoveringthosecouldhelpsolveourownproblemswiththecondition.“Labradorsareconsistentlytheheadlineactwhenitcomestooverweightdogs，”,saysEleanorRaffan,aveterinarianandgeneticist.Sheandfellowresearchersdiscoveredthatageneticmutation(基因變異)presentinaroundaquarterofLabradorswasassociatedwithobesity.Foreachcopyofthemutation—whichoccurredinagenecalledPOMC—adogwasabout2kgheavier.Mostoftheanimalstheresearchersstudiedhadonecopyofthemutation,butfewerhadtwo.“Thesedogsarealwaysinthekitchenwhenownersarepreparingfood,stickingaroundscouring_a_titbitevenifthere'snotmuchchanceofgettingfood,oreatingdisgustingstuffonwalks，”Raffansays.“Butthey'renotdoingthatbecauseit'sfun.They'redoingitbecausethey'rehungry.”That'sbecausePOMCmutationsdisturbthebrain'sfunctionofcontrollingfoodintakeandenergyconsumption.Asaresult,thebehaviouroftheseLabradorsbecomesveryfoodmotivated.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。全球?qū)櫸锓逝致试?2%到44%之間，弄清楚寵物肥胖的原因?qū)θ祟悜?yīng)對(duì)肥胖問(wèn)題也很有啟發(fā)。4．WhatisthefunctionofmentioningBorrisinthebeginning?A．Stressobesityiscommoninpets.B．Showpeople'sloveforpets.C．Revealpetshaveasuperiorlifestyle.D．Indicatetheneedforpetstoloseweight.A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章開(kāi)頭提及肥胖的博里斯被其主人送去參加寵物健身俱樂(lè)部大賽以幫助其減肥，再結(jié)合第二段開(kāi)頭的“Borris,athisheaviest,wasnotalone.”可知，博里斯并不是個(gè)案，由此可推知文章第一段舉博里斯的例子的作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)寵物肥胖很常見(jiàn)。故選A。5．Howisparagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses.D．Bymakingcomparisons.C　解析：寫(xiě)作手法題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是“Thereasonsarefairly,predictable.”可知，本段先指出全球?qū)櫸锓逝致试?2%到44%之間，然后分析這一現(xiàn)象的原因。故選C。6．WhyareLabradorsrankedfirstamongobesedogs?A．Theytendtobelazybynature.B．TheyallcarryPOMCgenes.C．Theirownersoftenoverfeedthem.D．ManyofthemhavePOMCmutations.D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ageneticmutation(基因變異)presentinaroundaquarterofLabradorswasassociatedwithobesity.Foreachcopyofthemutation—whichoccurredinagenecalledPOMC—adogwasabout2kgheavier.”可知，約有四分之一的拉布拉多犬體內(nèi)的基因變異與肥胖相關(guān)。這種變異發(fā)生在名為POMC的基因中，該基因每發(fā)生一次變異，狗就會(huì)增重約2公斤。故選D。7．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinparagraph5?A．Lookforsomethingtoeat.B．Takeupthekitchen.C．Getsomethingdown.D．Makeuptotheirowners.A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thesedogsarealwaysinthekitchenwhenownersarepreparingfood,stickingaround”“evenifthere'snotmuchchanceofgettingfood,oreatingdisgustingstuffonwalks”“They'redoingitbecausethey'rehungry.”可知，畫(huà)線部分所在句是說(shuō)：這些狗在主人準(zhǔn)備食物的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常待在廚房里，四處轉(zhuǎn)悠著尋找吃的，即使沒(méi)什么機(jī)會(huì)得到一口吃的，或者在路上撿一些令人作嘔的東西吃。因此可知，畫(huà)線部分的含義應(yīng)是“尋找吃的”，故選A。Ⅱ.七選五(2021·煙臺(tái)高考診斷性測(cè)試)TheSlowFoodMovementstartedinRome,Italyin1986.WhenanewMcDonald'swasopeningnearabeautifulhistoricplace,somepeoplestoodoutsidetherestaurantandshouted,“Wedonotwantfastfood.Wewantslow,food！”1．________OnedayCarloPetriniwenttoarestauranttoeatatraditionalmeal.Butthefooddidn'ttastethesameasheremembered.Helearnedthatthepepperswereshippedfromabroadbecausethepriceswerelow.ThisdeeplyconcernedCarlo.Carlowantedpeopletocareaboutwheretheirfoodscamefromandhowtheirfoodsmadetheirculturespecial.Sohestartedagrouptoencouragethisidea.ItsoonbecametheSlowFoodMovement.2.________First,whatisgoodfood?Goodfoodisfresh.Thevegetablesareeatenclosetotheplacewheretheyaregrown.Thefishhasn'tbeensittingfordaysbeforeitiseaten.Goodfoodisseasonable.3.________Goodfoodsatisfiesthesenses.Itshouldlookgood,smellgoodandtastegood.Andfinally,goodfoodisculturalfood.Eachcountryhasspecialfoodsthatmakeitdifferent.Second,foodshouldbeclean.Today,therearegreatconcernsaboutthewaypeoplegrowandproducefood.Farmersusechemicalstokillinsectsandfeedplants.Butthechemicalscanalsoharmthenaturalenvironmentaroundfarms.4.________Cleanfoodmeansfoodthatdoesnotharmourbodiesortheenvironment.Andthird,foodshouldbefair.5.________Allpeopleshouldbeabletopurchasehealthyfood.Thepeoplewhogrowandmakefoodshouldbepaidfairlyfortheirwork.Theyshouldworkinsafe,healthyconditions.A．Foodshouldnotcosttoomuchmoney.B．Itsgoalistohavegood,clean,fairfoodforallpeople.C．Overtime,theycancausehealthproblemsinpeopletoo.D．ThatwashowtheSlowFoodMovementcameintobeing.E．Itshouldbegrownatthebesttimeoftheyearforthatfood.F．TodaytheSlowFoodMovementhasalreadyexpandedoutofItaly.G．Thiseventwasn'ttheonlythingthatstartedtheSlowFoodMovement.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了興起于意大利的“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”及其目的。1．G　解析：上文提到當(dāng)一家快餐店在歷史名城羅馬開(kāi)業(yè)后，一些人堅(jiān)決抵制而發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”；下文是卡洛·彼得里尼在餐館嘗出來(lái)自國(guó)外的辣椒的口感與傳統(tǒng)的不同而集結(jié)了一群人并發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”,。所以空處應(yīng)該是說(shuō)除了前面提到的那件事，還有一件事促使“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”的興起。故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。2．B　解析：本段說(shuō)明卡洛·彼得里尼發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”，下面三段分層次說(shuō)了食物應(yīng)該質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良、清潔和價(jià)格合理。故此空填B選項(xiàng)，說(shuō)明該運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是讓人們有質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良、清潔、價(jià)格合理的食物，且B選項(xiàng)與下文對(duì)應(yīng)。3．E　解析：空前說(shuō)好的食物應(yīng)該是合時(shí)令的。所以此空應(yīng)該與食物生長(zhǎng)的時(shí)令有關(guān)，故E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。4．C　解析：空前說(shuō)化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)損害農(nóng)場(chǎng)周圍的自然環(huán)境。下文說(shuō)清潔的食物不會(huì)傷害人的身體或者環(huán)境。所以此空應(yīng)該是說(shuō)化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)人體也有傷害。5．A　解析：空前說(shuō)食物應(yīng)該價(jià)格公道，空后說(shuō)所有人應(yīng)該都能買(mǎi)健康的食物。所以此空應(yīng)該說(shuō)食物不應(yīng)該太昂貴。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空IoncemadeaseriousmistakeinmylifeandIwillneverforgetit.Mydeskmateisaboyfromthecountryside,andhealwaysadmiresmyfluentEnglishverymuchandIusuallyfeel1.____________(encourage)byhiscompliments(贊美)．Oneday,2.____________welearnedthenewword“eccentric”inclass,we3.____________(ask)tomakeasentencewithit.Ivolunteeredtodoitbysaying“Mydeskmateisaneccentricboy4.____________clothesneverfithim.”Hearingthis,thewholeclassburstinto5.____________(laugh)andmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.6.____________class,Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmate7.____________(drop)outofschoolifhehadn'tbeenhelpedbyothers.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthim8.____________(deep)．NotuntilthendidIrealizethatwordscouldbepowerful9.____________bothpositiveandnegativeways.Whatweshouldalwaysrememberisthatweshouldtryourbestnot10.____________(hurt)othersifwecan'talwaysbeencouragingwhenwespeak.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了作者在人生中犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，一句無(wú)心的話語(yǔ)深深地傷害了他的同桌的故事。1．encouraged　解析：考查形容詞。feel為系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，故填,encouraged。2．when　解析：考查從屬連詞。分析句子及上下文語(yǔ)境可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填when。3．wereasked　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。我們是被要求用eccentric造句，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4．whose　解析：考查關(guān)系代詞。所填詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并表示所屬關(guān)系，故用whose。5．laughter　解析：考查名詞。burstintolaughter意為“放聲大笑”，為固定搭配。6.After　解析：考查介詞。此處指“下課后”，afterclass為固定表達(dá)。7．wouldhavedropped　解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從ifhehadn'tbeenhelpedbyothers可知，此處是過(guò)去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句謂語(yǔ)為“would/should/might/couldhave＋過(guò)去分詞”，從句用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。8．deeply　解析：考查副詞。此處意為：我無(wú)心的話語(yǔ)一定深深地傷害了他。deep作副詞指具體事物的深度，修飾帶有感情色彩的動(dòng)詞通常用deeply。9．in　解析：考查介詞。表示“通過(guò)某種方式”通常用in...way。10．tohurt　解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。tryone'sbesttodosth.意為“盡某人最大的努力做某事”，為固定用法。