課后雙卷·練透提能得分點A卷　單元語基鞏固卷Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theboymanagedtoescapefromtheburninghouse，buthecouldn'tescapebeingpunished/punishment(punish)becausethefirewascausedbyhisplayingwithmatches.2．Pleasekeepusinformed(inform)ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.3．Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)inbringinguphischildrensofar.4．Hissuccesswasalongstory，butinbrief，hesucceededaftermanyfailures.5．Infaceofincreasingenergylimits，Chinaneedsamajorbreakthroughinminingandexploration.6．Aftertheearthquake，theelectricitysupplyfailed，making(make)thecoolingsystembreakdown.7．Thoughearning(earn)hislivingbysellingfruit，theoldmancontributedmuchmoneytohelpthepeoplehitbythedisaster.8．Imadeitcleartohimthathewasnolongerwelcomedhere.9．Theattackisbelievedtohavebeencarriedoutduringtheearlymorninghours.10．Afterhiswifewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，hespentallofhistimelookingafterher.Ⅱ.選詞填空bringup;bringin;asaresultof;earnone'slivingWangGangwasbornand1.broughtupinaremotemountainvillage，wherepeoplemainly2.earnedtheirlivingbyfarming.3.Asaresultoflackingadvancedfarmingtechnique，theylivedahardlife.Afternewfarmingtechniquewas4.broughtin,theirlifewasgettingbetterandbetter.thekeyto;carryout;beknownfor;bediagnosedwith；Mrs.Green5.wasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，andwenttoadoctorwho6.wasknownfortreatingcancers.Thedoctor7.carriedoutaseriesoftreatmentsonher，andtoldherthat8.thekeytorecoveringrapidlyistohavearelaxedmind.Followingthedoctor'sadvice，shegraduallypickedup.Ⅲ.完成句子1．新老板上臺之后我們公司盈利了。Ourcompanygainedprofitsafterthenewbosscameto/intopower．2．學生們不允許攜帶手機到教室里。,Thestudentsarenotallowedtocarrytheirmobilephonesintheclassroom.3．由于地震，成千上萬的人失去了家園。Asaresultoftheearthquake，thousandsofpeoplelosttheirhomes.4．大量記憶單詞是提高你英語水平的關鍵。MemorizingalargenumberofwordsisthekeytoimprovingyourEnglish．5．由于缺乏資金支持，我發(fā)現(xiàn)公司很難順利運轉。Shortoffinancialsupport，Ifounditdifficulttokeepthecompanygoingsmoothly．6．歐洲的許多機場關閉，造成數(shù)千名乘客圣誕節(jié)前不能回家。ManyairportsinEuropewerecloseddown，stoppingthousandsofpassengersfromreturninghomebeforeChristmas.Ⅳ.片段寫作——用本單元知識完成小作文完成片段作文詞匯句式升級　?、貯lexanderFlemingwasborninScotlandandbroughtup(撫養(yǎng)長大)byhismotherandhiselderbrother.Withtheirhelp，hegoteducated(接受教育)inamedicalschoolinLondon.In1906，hegraduatedfromthisschool(從該校畢業(yè))asatopstudent.Afterthathemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience，butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinthatmadehimearnlifelonghonor(使他獲得了終生的榮譽).②Hewasfamousforthisachievement，andbecauseofithereceivedaNobelPrize.Itwasclearthat(很顯然)Flemingisoneofthegoodscientistsinhistory.1.用本單元高級詞匯替換加黑單詞(1)help→support(2)famous→known(3)good→brilliant2．按要求改寫句式(1)用分詞作狀語升級句①AlexanderFlamingwasborninScotland，broughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.(2)用“介詞＋which”非限制性定語從句升級句②Hewasknownforthisachievement，forwhichhereceivedaNobelPrize.B卷　高考題型組合卷　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?、?閱讀理解A,語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會——科學與技術——公眾科學(2020·惠州市高三第一次調研)Asakid，JoannaBuckleywasn'tinterestedinscience—untilshehadachancetotryit.Thathappenedwhenshegotachemistrysetasagift.“Overthecourseofafewweeks，I'dcompletedeveryexperiment.Butintheprocess，Ipollutedmyparent'sdiningroomcarpetandburntthekitchenworktopwiththespiritburner，”shesays.NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.“Irealize，firsthand，howimportantitistohavesomethingorsomeonetoshowyouwhyscienceissogreat，”shesays.Nowthegoodnewsisthatcitizenscienceappears.CitizensciencetakesthefunofexperimentingastepfurtherthanBuckley'sathomeexperiments.That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose，”saysAmyPrunuske，whoteachesmicrobiologyandimmunologyatamedicalcollege.“Studentswanttodoagoodjob，becausetheyknowscientistsaregoingtousethenewdataintheirownresearch.”JenniferLong'sjobistocoordinate(協(xié)調)educationandoutreach.SheagreeswithPrunuske.“Kidslikethatit'sreal.Andtheylikethatit'simportant，andthatitmatters.”Citizenscienceprojectshavemadebigdiscoveries.Onefoundapreviouslyunknowngalaxycluster(星系團).AnotherprojecthelpedassesshowmuchdamageabigearthquakehadcausedinJapan.Andoneofthefirstcitizenscienceprojectshelpedscientistslearnwheremonarchbutterfliesgoeverywinter.Someadultsworryaboutteenslosinginterestinscience.Theyhopethatfun，excitingcitizenscienceprojectscanhelpthemkeepengaged，Longsays.Andshehassomeevidencethatit'sworking.“Lastyear，wedidhaveacoupleofstudentssay，‘IreallythinkIwanttobeascientistnow'.”文章大意：文章主要介紹了公眾科學的用處——它尋找新的解決方法并讓學生們愛上科學。1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowexperimentscanmaketeensinterestedinscience.,B．Toprovefailureisthemotherofsuccessinscience.C．TostatethatBuckleyhasatalentforscience.D．TopraiseBuckleyforherstrongwill.解析：A　考查推理判斷。第一段第一句表述Buckley小時候在沒嘗試之前對科學不感興趣；根據(jù)第三段中的“NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.”可知，Buckley成功進入科學領域。結合第二段內容可知，在得到了實驗工具后，Buckley完成了每一個實驗。據(jù)此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年進行實驗能讓他們對科學感興趣，故A項正確。2．Whyiscitizensciencemorefun?A．Becauseitneedstoseekfornewsolutions.B．Becauseitcarriesoutexperimentsfrequently.C．Becauseitmustcarryoutexperimentsingroups.D．Becauseitissupposedtohandlecomplexproblems.解析：A　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的內容，尤其是“That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.”可知，這是因為這些實驗是真實的，在尋找新奇的解決方法。據(jù)此可知，公眾科學更有趣的是它需要尋找新的解決方法，故A項正確。3．WhatcanweknowfromwhatPrunuskesaid?A．Sheparticipatedintheexperiment.B．Shetookprideinwhatstudentstookup.C．Citizenscienceispopularwithstudents.D．Scientistsarewillingtoemploystudents.解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段第一句中Prunuske所說的話“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose”可知，與一次性的實驗相比，公眾科學很棒，學生們明白這是有用途的；據(jù)此可推知，公眾科學受到學生們的歡迎，故C項正確。4．WhatisLong'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Concerned.　　　B．Supportive.C．Doubtful.　　　D．Unclear.解析：B　考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)尾段內容可知，Long有證據(jù)證明公眾科學是有效的，因為有學生說現(xiàn)在想要成為一名科學家。據(jù)此可推知，Long對公眾科學持支持的態(tài)度，故B項,正確。【詞匯積累】　in/overthecourseof...在……期間，在……的時候　worktopn．(廚房的)操作臺　spiritn．工業(yè)酒精athomeadj.在家里進行(或發(fā)生)的　oneoffadj.一次性的　outreachn．外展服務，擴大范圍的服務B語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——社交網(wǎng)絡結構與健康(2020·石家莊市高三摸底)YourcircleoffriendsmayhelpyougetabetterreadingonyouroverallhealthandwellnessratherthanjustusingwearabledevicessuchasaFitbit，accordingtoresearchers.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalPLOSONE，analyzedwhatthestructureofthesocialnetworksaysaboutthestateofhealth，happinessandstress.“Wewereinterestedinthetopology(拓撲學)ofthesocialnetwork—whatmypositionwithinmysocialnetworkpredictsaboutmyhealthandwellbeing，”saidNiteshVChawla，aprofessorattheUniversityofNotreDame.“Whatwefoundwasthatthesocialnetworkstructureprovidesasignificantimprovementinpredictabilityofthewellnessstateofanindividualoverjustusingthedataobtainedfromwearabledevices，likethenumberofstepsortheheartrate，”Chawlasaid.Forthestudy，participantsworeaFitbittocapturehealthbehaviordataaboutwalking，sleeping，theheartrateandtheoverallactivitylevel.Theyalsocompletedsurveysandselfassessmentoftheirstress，happinessandpositivity.Chawlaandhisteamthenanalyzedthedatawithamachinelearningmodel，alongsidethecharacteristicsofanindividual'ssocialnetwork.Thestudyshowedastrongcorrelation(相關性)betweensocialnetworkstructuresandtheheartrate，thenumberofstepsandthelevelofactivity.Thesocialnetworkstructureprovidedasignificantimprovementinpredictingone'shealthandwellbeingcomparedtojustlookingathealthbehaviordatafromtheFitbitalone.Forexample，whenthesocialnetworkstructureiscombinedwiththedatafromwearable,devices，themachinelearningmodelachieveda65percentimprovementinpredictinghappiness.Themodelalsoachieveda54percentimprovementinpredictingone'sselfassessedhealthprediction，a55percentimprovementinpredictingthepositiveattitudeanda38percentimprovementinpredictingsuccess.Thisstudyasserts(斷言)thatwithoutsocialnetworkinformation，weonlyhaveanincompleteviewofanindividual'swellnessstate.Tobefullypredictive，itiscriticaltobeawareofthesocialnetwork，Chawlasaid.文章大意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，比起僅僅通過設備去掌握自己的健康狀況，結合社交網(wǎng)絡結構能讓人們更好地了解自己的健康狀況。不通過社交網(wǎng)絡信息評價一個人的健康狀況是不全面的。5．Whatdidthestudyfind?A．Howpeoplechoosetheirfriendcircles.B．Whatfactorsdecideyourfriendcircles.C．Howyourcircleoffriendsinfluencesyou.D．Whatyourcircleoffriendssaysaboutyourhealth.解析：D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，研究人員說，朋友圈有助于人們更好地了解自己的健康狀況；再結合第二段的內容可知，D項正確。6．Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusions?A．Bycomparingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.D．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.解析：A　考查推理判斷。倒數(shù)第二段和倒數(shù)第三段都給出了數(shù)據(jù)來說明設備結合社交網(wǎng)絡結構能更好地預測人的健康等其他方面。據(jù)此可推知，研究人員是通過比較數(shù)據(jù)的方法得出結論的，故A項正確。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“critical”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Easy.　　　B．Common.C．Important.　　　D．Challenging.解析：C　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)尾段第一句可知，如果沒有社交網(wǎng)絡信息，我們對人的健康狀況的了解是不全面的；結合語境可知，畫線詞所在句表示要想充分預測人的健康狀況，了解社交網(wǎng)絡是至關重要的。據(jù)此可知，C項正確。,8．WhatdoChawla'swordsinthelastparagraphtellus?A．Howfitnessdevicescanbeconnectedwithyourcircleoffriends.B．Aperson'ssocialnetworkispartofhishealthpicture.C．Thebestwaystomakefriendsandkeepahealthysocialcircle.D．Wearabledevicesarenotusefulforunderstandingsomeone'shealth.解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)尾段中Chawla所說的話可知，要想充分預測人的健康狀況，了解社交網(wǎng)絡是至關重要的。據(jù)此可推知，個人的社交網(wǎng)絡是描述一個人的健康狀況的一部分，故B項正確?！驹~匯積累】　readingn．理解　wellnessn．健康　wearableadj.可穿戴的　improvementn．改進處　selfassessmentn．自我評估(或評價)　incompleteadj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會——食物安全——最容易被忽視的食物安全指南(2020·安徽省部分重點校高三聯(lián)考)Youprobablythinkoffoodpoisoningassomethingthatyoumightpickupatagreasyspoonoranoutdoorbarbecuestand.1.Thewayyouhandlefoodinyourownkitchen—which，unlikearestaurant，doesn'thavetoconformtohealthregulations—canjustaseasilymakeyousick.Herearesomemostoverlookedfoodsafetyguidelines.Washyourhandsproperly.Thismightseemlikethemostobviousfoodsafetypractice.However，mostpeopledon'tbothertodoit.Andtheminoritythatdoeswashdoesn'tdoitproperly—whichmightbeevenmoredangerous，becausetheythinkthey'reprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamilies，whentheyaren't.2.3．Chancesareyou'veprobablytakenabiteofsomethinginthefridgethat'sjustabitpasttheexpirationdate，inanefforttoseeifit'ssafetoeattherestofit.Ifit'sgonedangerouslybad，itshouldtasteextremelyunpleasant，right?4.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture，thereisonetypeofbacteriawhichtypicallydoesn'talterthetaste，smellorappearanceoffood.,Washfruitandveggies，evenifyou'regoingtopeel(削皮)them.5．Theproblemisthatwhenyoucutawaytheunwashedskinandthenusethesameknifetocutupwhat'sunderneaththat，youactuallymaybespreadingbacteriafromtheoutsidetothepreviouslypristineinside.Infact，youcancontaminate(弄臟)theveggiesfurtherifyoursaladbowlorsinkisnotclean.A．Notnecessarily.B．Bettersafethansorry.C．Don'ttastefoodtoseeifit'sgood.D.Howeveryouwashyourhands，atleastwashthem.E．Whywashthemwhenyouarenotgoingtoeattheskin?F．Butthosearen'ttheonlyplacesyoumightgetfoodpoisoning.G．Youaresupposedtowetyourhandswithrunningwater，applysoapandwashforatleast20seconds.文章大意：本文主要介紹了在我們日常生活中一些被忽視的食物安全指南，包括正確地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。1．解析：F　空前一句是說你可能認為在低級餐館或戶外燒烤攤你可能會食物中毒，空后一句是說你在自己廚房里處理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F項符合語境。2．解析：G　根據(jù)該段的標題Washyourhandsproperly.可知，該段是講正確洗手的內容，故G項“你應該用流動的水弄濕你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”與此處匹配。3．解析：C　此處為該段的標題。根據(jù)本段內容可知，食物的味道、氣味或外觀即使沒有變化，過了保質期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C項“不要品嘗食物以確認其是否是好的”總結該段內容。4．解析：A　根據(jù)語境可知，空處應是對前一句問句的回答，空后一句是說有一種細菌不會改變食物的味道、氣味或外觀，故A項符合語境。5．解析：E　根據(jù)該段標題可知，該段講的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的內容，結合空后一句的內容可知，E項符合語境，故選E。Ⅲ.語法填空語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與自然——人與動物——蝙蝠的作用　　Foralongtimebats1.(be)oneofthemostfearfulcreaturesintheanimal,kingdom.Manypopcultureassociationswiththemare2.(relate)tovampires(吸血鬼).Thoughtheseassociationsarecompletemisunderstandings，batsdohaveadarksideasa3.(danger)diseasevector(介體).Sothereisgoodreasontobeexceptionallycautiousifyoucomeintocontactwithbats.However，thefactis4.batsplayasignificantroleinkeepingabalancedecosystem.Manyorganicfarmershavelearnedaboutthebenefitsof5.(have)batsnearbytohelpmanagetheamountofpeststhatshowupwithoutpesticides.Onebrownbat—about6.sizeofahumanthumb—canconsumeabout600mosquitoesandotherunwantedinsectswithinanhour.Theymakeforafantastic，almostessential7.(add)topestmanagementonanyfarm.Evenlargegovernmentorganizationshaverealizedtheeconomicbenefitsofbats.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyestimatesthatbats'contributions8.pestmanagementsavethecountry9.(rough)3.7billiondollarsperyear.Withoutthem，wewouldlikelyexperienceadramaticdropinfoodproduction，whichwouldeventuallymake10.(it)wayintoourweeklygrocerybills.文章大意：本文主要介紹了蝙蝠在保持生態(tài)平衡及經(jīng)濟方面的重要作用。1．解析：havebeen　考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：很長一段時間以來，蝙蝠一直是動物王國里最可怕的動物之一。根據(jù)該句中的“Foralongtime”可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語為bats，所以填havebeen。2．解析：related　考查固定搭配。句意：許多關于它們的流行文化與吸血鬼有關。berelatedto意為“與……有關”，故填related。3．解析：dangerous　考查形容詞。修飾名詞應用形容詞，故用形容詞dangerous。4．解析：that　考查連接詞。句意：然而，事實是蝙蝠在保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡方面起著重要的作用。分析句子結構可知，此處引導表語從句，連接詞在從句中不作句子成分，所以填that。5．解析：having　考查動名詞。此處表示許多實行有機栽培的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)了解到(農(nóng)場)附近有蝙蝠的好處。根據(jù)空前的介詞“of”可知，此處用having。6．解析：the　考查冠詞。此處表示一只大約人類拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。thesizeof意為“……的大小”，為固定用法，所以填the。7．解析：addition　考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞“essential”并結合語境可知，此處用名,詞addition“添加物”。8．解析：to　考查介詞。此處表示蝙蝠對害蟲管理的貢獻，所以填介詞to。9．解析：roughly　考查副詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示蝙蝠對害蟲管理的貢獻為美國每年節(jié)省大約37億美元。分析句子可知，此處應用所給詞的副詞形式，修飾數(shù)詞。roughly意為“大約，差不多”。10．解析：its　考查代詞。句意：如果沒有它們，我們可能會遭受食物產(chǎn)量急劇下降，這最終會影響到我們每周的食品雜貨賬單。根據(jù)空后的名詞“way”可知，此處應用形容詞性物主代詞its。