課后雙卷·練透提能得分點(diǎn)A卷　單元語基鞏固卷Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theboymanagedtoescapefromtheburninghouse，buthecouldn'tescapebeingpunished/punishment(punish)becausethefirewascausedbyhisplayingwithmatches.2．Pleasekeepusinformed(inform)ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.3．Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)inbringinguphischildrensofar.4．Hissuccesswasalongstory，butinbrief，hesucceededaftermanyfailures.5．Infaceofincreasingenergylimits，Chinaneedsamajorbreakthroughinminingandexploration.6．Aftertheearthquake，theelectricitysupplyfailed，making(make)thecoolingsystembreakdown.7．Thoughearning(earn)hislivingbysellingfruit，theoldmancontributedmuchmoneytohelpthepeoplehitbythedisaster.8．Imadeitcleartohimthathewasnolongerwelcomedhere.9．Theattackisbelievedtohavebeencarriedoutduringtheearlymorninghours.10．Afterhiswifewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，hespentallofhistimelookingafterher.Ⅱ.選詞填空bringup;bringin;asaresultof;earnone'slivingWangGangwasbornand1.broughtupinaremotemountainvillage，wherepeoplemainly2.earnedtheirlivingbyfarming.3.Asaresultoflackingadvancedfarmingtechnique，theylivedahardlife.Afternewfarmingtechniquewas4.broughtin,theirlifewasgettingbetterandbetter.thekeyto;carryout;beknownfor;bediagnosedwith；Mrs.Green5.wasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，andwenttoadoctorwho6.wasknownfortreatingcancers.Thedoctor7.carriedoutaseriesoftreatmentsonher，andtoldherthat8.thekeytorecoveringrapidlyistohavearelaxedmind.Followingthedoctor'sadvice，shegraduallypickedup.Ⅲ.完成句子1．新老板上臺(tái)之后我們公司盈利了。Ourcompanygainedprofitsafterthenewbosscameto/intopower．2．學(xué)生們不允許攜帶手機(jī)到教室里。,Thestudentsarenotallowedtocarrytheirmobilephonesintheclassroom.3．由于地震，成千上萬的人失去了家園。Asaresultoftheearthquake，thousandsofpeoplelosttheirhomes.4．大量記憶單詞是提高你英語水平的關(guān)鍵。MemorizingalargenumberofwordsisthekeytoimprovingyourEnglish．5．由于缺乏資金支持，我發(fā)現(xiàn)公司很難順利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。Shortoffinancialsupport，Ifounditdifficulttokeepthecompanygoingsmoothly．6．歐洲的許多機(jī)場關(guān)閉，造成數(shù)千名乘客圣誕節(jié)前不能回家。ManyairportsinEuropewerecloseddown，stoppingthousandsofpassengersfromreturninghomebeforeChristmas.Ⅳ.片段寫作——用本單元知識(shí)完成小作文完成片段作文詞匯句式升級(jí)　?、貯lexanderFlemingwasborninScotlandandbroughtup(撫養(yǎng)長大)byhismotherandhiselderbrother.Withtheirhelp，hegoteducated(接受教育)inamedicalschoolinLondon.In1906，hegraduatedfromthisschool(從該校畢業(yè))asatopstudent.Afterthathemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience，butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinthatmadehimearnlifelonghonor(使他獲得了終生的榮譽(yù)).②Hewasfamousforthisachievement，andbecauseofithereceivedaNobelPrize.Itwasclearthat(很顯然)Flemingisoneofthegoodscientistsinhistory.1.用本單元高級(jí)詞匯替換加黑單詞(1)help→support(2)famous→known(3)good→brilliant2．按要求改寫句式(1)用分詞作狀語升級(jí)句①AlexanderFlamingwasborninScotland，broughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.(2)用“介詞＋which”非限制性定語從句升級(jí)句②Hewasknownforthisachievement，forwhichhereceivedaNobelPrize.B卷　高考題型組合卷　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?、?閱讀理解A,語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)與技術(shù)——公眾科學(xué)(2020·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研)Asakid，JoannaBuckleywasn'tinterestedinscience—untilshehadachancetotryit.Thathappenedwhenshegotachemistrysetasagift.“Overthecourseofafewweeks，I'dcompletedeveryexperiment.Butintheprocess，Ipollutedmyparent'sdiningroomcarpetandburntthekitchenworktopwiththespiritburner，”shesays.NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.“Irealize，firsthand，howimportantitistohavesomethingorsomeonetoshowyouwhyscienceissogreat，”shesays.Nowthegoodnewsisthatcitizenscienceappears.CitizensciencetakesthefunofexperimentingastepfurtherthanBuckley'sathomeexperiments.That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose，”saysAmyPrunuske，whoteachesmicrobiologyandimmunologyatamedicalcollege.“Studentswanttodoagoodjob，becausetheyknowscientistsaregoingtousethenewdataintheirownresearch.”JenniferLong'sjobistocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))educationandoutreach.SheagreeswithPrunuske.“Kidslikethatit'sreal.Andtheylikethatit'simportant，andthatitmatters.”Citizenscienceprojectshavemadebigdiscoveries.Onefoundapreviouslyunknowngalaxycluster(星系團(tuán)).AnotherprojecthelpedassesshowmuchdamageabigearthquakehadcausedinJapan.Andoneofthefirstcitizenscienceprojectshelpedscientistslearnwheremonarchbutterfliesgoeverywinter.Someadultsworryaboutteenslosinginterestinscience.Theyhopethatfun，excitingcitizenscienceprojectscanhelpthemkeepengaged，Longsays.Andshehassomeevidencethatit'sworking.“Lastyear，wedidhaveacoupleofstudentssay，‘IreallythinkIwanttobeascientistnow'.”文章大意：文章主要介紹了公眾科學(xué)的用處——它尋找新的解決方法并讓學(xué)生們愛上科學(xué)。1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowexperimentscanmaketeensinterestedinscience.,B．Toprovefailureisthemotherofsuccessinscience.C．TostatethatBuckleyhasatalentforscience.D．TopraiseBuckleyforherstrongwill.解析：A　考查推理判斷。第一段第一句表述Buckley小時(shí)候在沒嘗試之前對科學(xué)不感興趣；根據(jù)第三段中的“NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.”可知，Buckley成功進(jìn)入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容可知，在得到了實(shí)驗(yàn)工具后，Buckley完成了每一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。據(jù)此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)茏屗麄儗茖W(xué)感興趣，故A項(xiàng)正確。2．Whyiscitizensciencemorefun?A．Becauseitneedstoseekfornewsolutions.B．Becauseitcarriesoutexperimentsfrequently.C．Becauseitmustcarryoutexperimentsingroups.D．Becauseitissupposedtohandlecomplexproblems.解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.”可知，這是因?yàn)檫@些實(shí)驗(yàn)是真實(shí)的，在尋找新奇的解決方法。據(jù)此可知，公眾科學(xué)更有趣的是它需要尋找新的解決方法，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．WhatcanweknowfromwhatPrunuskesaid?A．Sheparticipatedintheexperiment.B．Shetookprideinwhatstudentstookup.C．Citizenscienceispopularwithstudents.D．Scientistsarewillingtoemploystudents.解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段第一句中Prunuske所說的話“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose”可知，與一次性的實(shí)驗(yàn)相比，公眾科學(xué)很棒，學(xué)生們明白這是有用途的；據(jù)此可推知，公眾科學(xué)受到學(xué)生們的歡迎，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．WhatisLong'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Concerned.　　　B．Supportive.C．Doubtful.　　　D．Unclear.解析：B　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)尾段內(nèi)容可知，Long有證據(jù)證明公眾科學(xué)是有效的，因?yàn)橛袑W(xué)生說現(xiàn)在想要成為一名科學(xué)家。據(jù)此可推知，Long對公眾科學(xué)持支持的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng),正確?！驹~匯積累】　in/overthecourseof...在……期間，在……的時(shí)候　worktopn．(廚房的)操作臺(tái)　spiritn．工業(yè)酒精athomeadj.在家里進(jìn)行(或發(fā)生)的　oneoffadj.一次性的　outreachn．外展服務(wù)，擴(kuò)大范圍的服務(wù)B語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會(huì)——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)與健康(2020·石家莊市高三摸底)YourcircleoffriendsmayhelpyougetabetterreadingonyouroverallhealthandwellnessratherthanjustusingwearabledevicessuchasaFitbit，accordingtoresearchers.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalPLOSONE，analyzedwhatthestructureofthesocialnetworksaysaboutthestateofhealth，happinessandstress.“Wewereinterestedinthetopology(拓?fù)鋵W(xué))ofthesocialnetwork—whatmypositionwithinmysocialnetworkpredictsaboutmyhealthandwellbeing，”saidNiteshVChawla，aprofessorattheUniversityofNotreDame.“Whatwefoundwasthatthesocialnetworkstructureprovidesasignificantimprovementinpredictabilityofthewellnessstateofanindividualoverjustusingthedataobtainedfromwearabledevices，likethenumberofstepsortheheartrate，”Chawlasaid.Forthestudy，participantsworeaFitbittocapturehealthbehaviordataaboutwalking，sleeping，theheartrateandtheoverallactivitylevel.Theyalsocompletedsurveysandselfassessmentoftheirstress，happinessandpositivity.Chawlaandhisteamthenanalyzedthedatawithamachinelearningmodel，alongsidethecharacteristicsofanindividual'ssocialnetwork.Thestudyshowedastrongcorrelation(相關(guān)性)betweensocialnetworkstructuresandtheheartrate，thenumberofstepsandthelevelofactivity.Thesocialnetworkstructureprovidedasignificantimprovementinpredictingone'shealthandwellbeingcomparedtojustlookingathealthbehaviordatafromtheFitbitalone.Forexample，whenthesocialnetworkstructureiscombinedwiththedatafromwearable,devices，themachinelearningmodelachieveda65percentimprovementinpredictinghappiness.Themodelalsoachieveda54percentimprovementinpredictingone'sselfassessedhealthprediction，a55percentimprovementinpredictingthepositiveattitudeanda38percentimprovementinpredictingsuccess.Thisstudyasserts(斷言)thatwithoutsocialnetworkinformation，weonlyhaveanincompleteviewofanindividual'swellnessstate.Tobefullypredictive，itiscriticaltobeawareofthesocialnetwork，Chawlasaid.文章大意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，比起僅僅通過設(shè)備去掌握自己的健康狀況，結(jié)合社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)能讓人們更好地了解自己的健康狀況。不通過社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息評價(jià)一個(gè)人的健康狀況是不全面的。5．Whatdidthestudyfind?A．Howpeoplechoosetheirfriendcircles.B．Whatfactorsdecideyourfriendcircles.C．Howyourcircleoffriendsinfluencesyou.D．Whatyourcircleoffriendssaysaboutyourhealth.解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，研究人員說，朋友圈有助于人們更好地了解自己的健康狀況；再結(jié)合第二段的內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)正確。6．Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusions?A．Bycomparingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.D．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.解析：A　考查推理判斷。倒數(shù)第二段和倒數(shù)第三段都給出了數(shù)據(jù)來說明設(shè)備結(jié)合社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)能更好地預(yù)測人的健康等其他方面。據(jù)此可推知，研究人員是通過比較數(shù)據(jù)的方法得出結(jié)論的，故A項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“critical”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Easy.　　　B．Common.C．Important.　　　D．Challenging.解析：C　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)尾段第一句可知，如果沒有社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息，我們對人的健康狀況的了解是不全面的；結(jié)合語境可知，畫線詞所在句表示要想充分預(yù)測人的健康狀況，了解社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)是至關(guān)重要的。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。,8．WhatdoChawla'swordsinthelastparagraphtellus?A．Howfitnessdevicescanbeconnectedwithyourcircleoffriends.B．Aperson'ssocialnetworkispartofhishealthpicture.C．Thebestwaystomakefriendsandkeepahealthysocialcircle.D．Wearabledevicesarenotusefulforunderstandingsomeone'shealth.解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)尾段中Chawla所說的話可知，要想充分預(yù)測人的健康狀況，了解社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)是至關(guān)重要的。據(jù)此可推知，個(gè)人的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)是描述一個(gè)人的健康狀況的一部分，故B項(xiàng)正確?！驹~匯積累】　readingn．理解　wellnessn．健康　wearableadj.可穿戴的　improvementn．改進(jìn)處　selfassessmentn．自我評估(或評價(jià))　incompleteadj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與社會(huì)——食物安全——最容易被忽視的食物安全指南(2020·安徽省部分重點(diǎn)校高三聯(lián)考)Youprobablythinkoffoodpoisoningassomethingthatyoumightpickupatagreasyspoonoranoutdoorbarbecuestand.1.Thewayyouhandlefoodinyourownkitchen—which，unlikearestaurant，doesn'thavetoconformtohealthregulations—canjustaseasilymakeyousick.Herearesomemostoverlookedfoodsafetyguidelines.Washyourhandsproperly.Thismightseemlikethemostobviousfoodsafetypractice.However，mostpeopledon'tbothertodoit.Andtheminoritythatdoeswashdoesn'tdoitproperly—whichmightbeevenmoredangerous，becausetheythinkthey'reprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamilies，whentheyaren't.2.3．Chancesareyou'veprobablytakenabiteofsomethinginthefridgethat'sjustabitpasttheexpirationdate，inanefforttoseeifit'ssafetoeattherestofit.Ifit'sgonedangerouslybad，itshouldtasteextremelyunpleasant，right?4.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture，thereisonetypeofbacteriawhichtypicallydoesn'talterthetaste，smellorappearanceoffood.,Washfruitandveggies，evenifyou'regoingtopeel(削皮)them.5．Theproblemisthatwhenyoucutawaytheunwashedskinandthenusethesameknifetocutupwhat'sunderneaththat，youactuallymaybespreadingbacteriafromtheoutsidetothepreviouslypristineinside.Infact，youcancontaminate(弄臟)theveggiesfurtherifyoursaladbowlorsinkisnotclean.A．Notnecessarily.B．Bettersafethansorry.C．Don'ttastefoodtoseeifit'sgood.D.Howeveryouwashyourhands，atleastwashthem.E．Whywashthemwhenyouarenotgoingtoeattheskin?F．Butthosearen'ttheonlyplacesyoumightgetfoodpoisoning.G．Youaresupposedtowetyourhandswithrunningwater，applysoapandwashforatleast20seconds.文章大意：本文主要介紹了在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸恍┍缓鲆暤氖澄锇踩改希ㄕ_地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。1．解析：F　空前一句是說你可能認(rèn)為在低級(jí)餐館或戶外燒烤攤你可能會(huì)食物中毒，空后一句是說你在自己廚房里處理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。2．解析：G　根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題Washyourhandsproperly.可知，該段是講正確洗手的內(nèi)容，故G項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該用流動(dòng)的水弄濕你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”與此處匹配。3．解析：C　此處為該段的標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，食物的味道、氣味或外觀即使沒有變化，過了保質(zhì)期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C項(xiàng)“不要品嘗食物以確認(rèn)其是否是好的”總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。4．解析：A　根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)是對前一句問句的回答，空后一句是說有一種細(xì)菌不會(huì)改變食物的味道、氣味或外觀，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。5．解析：E　根據(jù)該段標(biāo)題可知，該段講的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合空后一句的內(nèi)容可知，E項(xiàng)符合語境，故選E。Ⅲ.語法填空語篇類型說明文　主題語境人與自然——人與動(dòng)物——蝙蝠的作用　　Foralongtimebats1.(be)oneofthemostfearfulcreaturesintheanimal,kingdom.Manypopcultureassociationswiththemare2.(relate)tovampires(吸血鬼).Thoughtheseassociationsarecompletemisunderstandings，batsdohaveadarksideasa3.(danger)diseasevector(介體).Sothereisgoodreasontobeexceptionallycautiousifyoucomeintocontactwithbats.However，thefactis4.batsplayasignificantroleinkeepingabalancedecosystem.Manyorganicfarmershavelearnedaboutthebenefitsof5.(have)batsnearbytohelpmanagetheamountofpeststhatshowupwithoutpesticides.Onebrownbat—about6.sizeofahumanthumb—canconsumeabout600mosquitoesandotherunwantedinsectswithinanhour.Theymakeforafantastic，almostessential7.(add)topestmanagementonanyfarm.Evenlargegovernmentorganizationshaverealizedtheeconomicbenefitsofbats.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyestimatesthatbats'contributions8.pestmanagementsavethecountry9.(rough)3.7billiondollarsperyear.Withoutthem，wewouldlikelyexperienceadramaticdropinfoodproduction，whichwouldeventuallymake10.(it)wayintoourweeklygrocerybills.文章大意：本文主要介紹了蝙蝠在保持生態(tài)平衡及經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的重要作用。1．解析：havebeen　考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：很長一段時(shí)間以來，蝙蝠一直是動(dòng)物王國里最可怕的動(dòng)物之一。根據(jù)該句中的“Foralongtime”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語為bats，所以填havebeen。2．解析：related　考查固定搭配。句意：許多關(guān)于它們的流行文化與吸血鬼有關(guān)。berelatedto意為“與……有關(guān)”，故填related。3．解析：dangerous　考查形容詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞dangerous。4．解析：that　考查連接詞。句意：然而，事實(shí)是蝙蝠在保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡方面起著重要的作用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語從句，連接詞在從句中不作句子成分，所以填that。5．解析：having　考查動(dòng)名詞。此處表示許多實(shí)行有機(jī)栽培的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)了解到(農(nóng)場)附近有蝙蝠的好處。根據(jù)空前的介詞“of”可知，此處用having。6．解析：the　考查冠詞。此處表示一只大約人類拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。thesizeof意為“……的大小”，為固定用法，所以填the。7．解析：addition　考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞“essential”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處用名,詞addition“添加物”。8．解析：to　考查介詞。此處表示蝙蝠對害蟲管理的貢獻(xiàn)，所以填介詞to。9．解析：roughly　考查副詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示蝙蝠對害蟲管理的貢獻(xiàn)為美國每年節(jié)省大約37億美元。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式，修飾數(shù)詞。roughly意為“大約，差不多”。10．解析：its　考查代詞。句意：如果沒有它們，我們可能會(huì)遭受食物產(chǎn)量急劇下降，這最終會(huì)影響到我們每周的食品雜貨賬單。根據(jù)空后的名詞“way”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。