考點(diǎn)分類練(九)　主旨大意題——段落大意類A(2021·山東淄博高三三模)For30yearswehavebeentoldhowtemperatureshavebeenrisingrapidlytotheunheard-oflevel.Thisiscausingpolaricetomelt,sealeveltoriseandhasbroughtaboutadangerousincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Theseintensechangeswouldlikelypresentchallengestooursocietyandenvironment.Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenic(人類活動(dòng)引起的)innature.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,humanactivitieshaveincreasedtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theincreasedamountofgaseswhichabsorbheathasledtomoreheatbeingkeptintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.Thecertaintyofglobalwarmingcanbeseenthroughsomeofthenaturalphenomenaliketheeffectoncropsandextremeweatherconditionsaroundtheworld.Therecentassessmentreportsaysthattheearth’saveragetemperaturehasrisenby0.74degreesfrom1906to2005,andthattheaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise.Therehavealsobeenmoreviolentdownpours,andtheiceattheworld’spolesandonitsmountainsismelting.Therisingsealevelisfloodingthelow-lyingcountriesinAsiaandsmallislandsinthePacific.Thismayleadtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople,lossofmillionsoflandandconsequentlybillionsofdollars.Troubledbytheserioussituation,worldleaderscametogetherforthe2015UnitedNations(UN)ClimateChangeConferenceinParis.Theclimatetalksledto196countriesreachingalandmarkagreementthatcommittednearlyeverycountrytoloweringplanet-warminggreenhousegasemissionstoaddressglobalclimatechange.Thatwascertainlyanencouragingstepforourearthandmankind!Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theinformationofindustrialrevolution.B.Thegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.C.Thereasonsofclimatechange.D.Theresultofextremeweatherevents.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehavemadegreatachievements.B.Somemeasuresarestillrequiredtotake.C.Marsissuitableforpeople’sliving.D.Somecountrieswillreceiveurgentaid.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext? (P:Paragraph)B(2021·陜西高三下學(xué)期模擬)Eatingchocolateatleastonceaweekcouldputoffaheartattack,accordingtoanewresearch.Chocolateispackedwithplantchemicalsthatweakeninflammation(炎癥)andhelpbloodflow,explainedscientists.LeadauthorDrChayakritKrittanawongsaid,“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”Itcollecteddatafromsixtrialsthatexaminedthelinkoverthepastfivedecades.Atotalof336,289peoplereportedtheirintake.Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryartery(冠狀動(dòng)脈)diseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.Chocolateisknowntoproducethesamechemicalinthebrainasfallinginlove.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Chocolatecontainshealthynutrientssuchasflavonoids(類黃酮),polyphenolsandstearicacidwhichmayreduceinflammation.”KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Inthepast,clinicalstudieshaveshownchocolateisbeneficialforbloodpressure.”Darkchocolatehaslongbeenknowntohavehealthbenefitsbutrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.DrKrittanawongpointedouthisstudydidnotinvestigatewhetheranyparticulartypeofchocolatewasmorebeneficial—oriftherewasanidealportionsize.Hesaid,“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.Butmoreresearchisneededtoshowhowmuchandwhatkindofchocolatecouldberecommended.”Whileit’snotclearhowmuchisperfect,DrKrittanawongwarnedpeopleagainstovereating.Hesaid,“Moderateamountsofchocolateseemtoprotectcoronaryarteriesbutit’slikelythatlargequantitiesdonot.”4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultofthestudy.B.Theprocessofthestudy.C.Theparticipantsofthestudy.D.Theintentionofthestudy.5.Whichofthefollowingcanprobablypreventbloodflow?A.Aheartattack. B.Astroke.C.High-densitylipoprotein.D.Low-densitylipoprotein.6.Whatdoestherecentstudytellus?A.Chocolateisgoodforbloodpressure.B.Darkchocolateisbeneficialforhealth.C.Milkchocolatemayalsobenefittheheart.D.Chocolatecontainsspecialplantchemicals.7.What’sDrKrittanawong’sattitudetowardschocolate’spreventingcoronaryarterydisease?A.Indifferent.　　　　　　B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021·遼寧高三3月聯(lián)考)Fewpeoplerealisethatittakesmanyvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.IvolunteeratValleyTherapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA),closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers—approximatelyeighty—totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofblack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovolunteersgroom(刷洗;梳毛)thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime—becausethechildrenneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,businessauthorandspeaker,Ivolunteeredonmanyfieldsandinmanyorganisations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit—aswasmyhead—causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.Ilovehorses,andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchildrenmanybenefits.C.Volunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.9.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoluntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling.B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable. D.Demandingbutfruitless.10.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.B.Volunteeringhasbroughtherawin-winresult.C.She’sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.D.Shewasn’tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HelpingChildreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjuryC.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:AHardLesson考點(diǎn)分類練(九)　主旨大意題——段落大意類【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了全球氣候變化的原因,對(duì)人類社會(huì)和環(huán)境造成的影響,以及各國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化所采取的措施和取得的成效。1.C　解析:段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.”可知,本段主要講述氣候變化的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。2.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.”可知,還需要采取一些措施來(lái)治愈地球。故選B項(xiàng)。3.D　解析:推理判斷題。第一段總述全球氣候變化很大,對(duì)人類社會(huì)和環(huán)境造成很大影響;第二段講述氣候變化的原因;第三段用具體數(shù)據(jù)和事例講述氣候變化對(duì)人類社會(huì)造成的影響。由此可知,第二段和第三段是對(duì)第一段內(nèi)容從兩個(gè)方面的闡述,因而前三段行文結(jié)構(gòu)是“總—分—分”;第四段主要講述各國(guó)采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化,因而前三段和第四段之間是順承遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系;第五段講述盡管已經(jīng)取得一定的成效,但是各國(guó)仍需繼續(xù)努力。由此可知,第五段是對(duì)第四段內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,所以第四段和第五段是并列關(guān)系。綜上所述,D項(xiàng)符合文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】必背單詞①intenseadj.十分強(qiáng)烈的②downpourn.傾盆大雨③displacementn.(多指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或自然災(zāi)害造成的)人們的離家④addressv.設(shè)法解決;處理重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊⑤thelow-lyingcountries地勢(shì)低的國(guó)家精彩句式⑥IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!要是我們可以收拾行李移民火星該多好啊!【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,適量食用巧克力有助于減輕炎癥,促進(jìn)血液流動(dòng),有利于身體健康。 4.A　解析:段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”和“Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.”可知,本段主要介紹了Krittanawong博士新的研究結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。5.D　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.”可知,當(dāng)?shù)兔芏戎鞍拙奂臅r(shí)候,它會(huì)造成動(dòng)脈血管堵塞,從而阻礙通往心臟或大腦的血液流通,最終造成心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng)。故選D項(xiàng)。6.C　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.”可知,最近的研究表明,牛奶巧克力也能為心臟提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),即牛奶巧克力可能對(duì)心臟也有好處。故選C項(xiàng)。7.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.”可知,Krittanawong博士對(duì)“巧克力預(yù)防冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的作用”是“充滿希望的”。故選B項(xiàng)。【幫你拓知識(shí)】必背單詞①intaken.攝取量②medicallyadv.醫(yī)學(xué)上地③collectv.聚集;匯集重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊④blockup塞住;封?、輒oderateamountsof...適量的……【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重車禍后造成了腦部損傷,但她通過(guò)照顧馬并幫助孩子們騎馬這類的志愿者工作找回了自己。8.C　解析:段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.”這些信息可知,本段主要講述為了騎馬課程,志愿者需要做很多工作。故選C項(xiàng)。9.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers...totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren...Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.”這些信息可知,志愿者工作很辛苦、很累;再根據(jù)第三段的“Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.”和最后一段的“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.”可知,她認(rèn)為她的志愿者工作是值得的。故選B項(xiàng)。10.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“...andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.”可知,志愿者工作不僅能幫助孩子們, 而且讓作者在發(fā)生車禍后無(wú)論是心態(tài)還是生活上都有了積極的改變。由此推知,志愿者工作帶來(lái)了“雙贏”的結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。11.C　解析:標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.”可知,是志愿者工作讓作者在車禍后接受了自己,找回了自己,志愿者工作對(duì)作者的意義重大。文章前面的段落也是圍繞著作者的志愿者工作展開介紹的。因此,C項(xiàng)“志愿者工作:回歸之旅”符合文章主旨,是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊①anarmyofvolunteers一大批志愿者②mentaldisabilities心理障礙③turn...around扭轉(zhuǎn);好轉(zhuǎn)