考點分類練(七)　主旨大意題——文章大意類A(2021·山東煙臺一模)Thepaper,publishedinMaybytheJournalofMarketingResearch,analysedpurchasesmadefromasinglelargeEuropeanretailerandfoundthatfreeshippingdidencouragecustomerstobuymore.Butitalsoincreasedpurchasesofitemsthathistoricallyhavehigherreturnrates,suchasclothingorproductsfromlesser-knownbrands.Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.Inonepartofthepaper,duringthetypicallyfour-weekperiodswhenfreeshippingwasoffered,onlineordervolumesrose11%.Butwhenthecostofreturnswascomparedwiththesalesproceeds(收入),theauthorscalculatedthatonbalancetheresultsforthepromotionperiodsamountedtoanaverage0.7%loss.Inoneanalysisthatranfortwomonths,theresearchersfoundthatthereturnrateforcustomerswhoboughtlow-riskproducts—likeofficesupplies,orproductsfromwell-knownbrands—averagedabout22%.Inanotheranalysis,theresearchersattemptedtobetterunderstandmotivationsofonlineshoppersbymeasuringtheirattitudestowardsfreeshipping.Theyfoundtwothingswerehappening.First,consumerssawfreeshippingascompensationfortakingariskonaproduct.Second,feelingsofgratitudeforhavingshippingcostseliminated(消除)madethemhappyandthusmorewillingtomakeariskypurchase.Prof.Neslinadvisescompaniestolookatwhethertheirownfree-shippingpromotionsareprofitablebeforetheylaunchsuchcampaigns.Also,headvisescompaniestoidentifywhichproductsgetreturnedmoreoftenthanothersandtrytoprovidecustomerswithmoreinformationaboutthoseproducts,sotheycanmakemoreinformedchoices.1.Whaterasedtheprofitsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theriskycustomers.B.TheEuropeanretailer.C.Thereturneditems.D.Thelesser-knownbrands.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Consumersriskedpurchasingaproductwhenfreeshippingcamealongwithit.B.Freeshippingencouragedcustomerstobuyproductsfromwell-knownbrands.C.Onlineordervolumesroseonlywhenfreeshippingwasofferedascompensation.D.Purchasesofofficesuppliesalsoincreasedduringthetypicallyfour-weekperiods.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Low-riskproducts.B.Returnrates.C.Increasedpurchases.D.Freeshipping.B(2021·湖北黃岡高三4月模擬)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmakethee-bookyouarereadingseemasdatedasa silentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofe-booksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracks(電影原聲音樂)andmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoiseinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritain—includetherainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfore-booksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics,however,willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel,chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency,saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid,“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage,thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsync(同步),aclickonanywordwillresetit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls,authorofOurDay,thebest-sellernowreleasedasafilm,said,“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.Ihaveenoughtroublereadingane-bookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBridesells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid,“IfI’mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”4.Whatdopublishersexpectane-booksoundtracktodo?A.Helptoreleaseane-bookasafilm.B.Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C.Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D.Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.5.Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksfore-books?A.SherlockHolmes.B.CarolineMichel.C.DavidNicholls.D.StuartMacBride.6.WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A.Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B.Heknewagreatdealoftea.C.Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D.Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Opinionsaboute-bookswithsoundtracks.B.Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C.Reasonsfortraditionale-booksbecomingoutdated.D.Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.C (2021·湖南長郡十五校高三聯(lián)考)Formostpeople,graduationisanexcitingdayofthecelebrationofyearsofhardwork.Mygraduationdaywasnot.Irememberthatweekendtwoyearsago.Familyandfriendshadflowninfromacrossthecountrytoattendthecelebration.Butjustlikeeveryoneelseinmyclass,Ihadwatchedtheeconomyturnfrombadtoworse.WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanwasdrawingcloser.Youknowthatfeelingwhenyouwakeupinfear?Thatfeelingbecameaconstantinmylife.Daysfeltlikeweeks,weekslikemonths.AndthemostfrustratingpartwasnomatterhowmuchItried,Ijustcouldn’tseemtomakeanyprogress.SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Idecidedtowrite.Somethingaboutputtingwordsonapagemadeeverythingseemalittleclearer—alittlebrighter.Somethingaboutwritinggavemehope.Andifyouwantsomethingbadlyenough,sometimesalittlehopeisallyouneed!SoIputmythoughtsintoachildren’sbook.Andthenoneday,withoutanysortofwritingdegreeorcontactsinthewritingworld—justalotofhardworkandperseverance—Iwasofferedapublishingcontractformyfirstbook!Afterthat,thingsslowlybegantofallintoplace.Iwasofferedasecondbookdeal.Then,afewmonthslater,Igotaninterviewandwashiredshortly.Themoralofthisstoryis...don’tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don’tgiveup.Ifyouworkhard,thingswillalwaysgetbetter.Oftentimesallweneedisthecouragetoovercomedifficulties.8.Fromparagraph2,wecanlearnthattheauthorprobably　　　.?A.washavinganexcitinggraduationB.wasgettingintofinancialdifficultiesC.missedthelifeintheuniversityD.hadjustappliedforthestudentloan9.Howdidtheauthorchangethefrustratingsituation?A.Bysendingapplications.B.Byofferingcontracts.C.Bykeepingwriting.D.Bypublishingbooks.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“bleak”inthelastparagraph?A.Unattractive.　　　　　B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Successbelongstothepersevering.B.Acontentedmindisapermanentfeast.C.Asmoothseanevermakesaskillfulmariner.D.Misfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.考點分類練(七)　主旨大意題——文章大意類【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在線零售商 長期以來一直通過免運費的方式來鼓勵客戶購買更多產(chǎn)品,但這種方式可能會減少公司的利潤。1.C　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.”可知,促銷的結(jié)果就是退貨也增加了,直到(退貨過多)利潤消失。故選C項。2.A　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“First,consumerssawfreeshippingascompensationfortakingariskonaproduct.”可知,消費者將免費送貨視為對產(chǎn)品承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的補償。由此可推斷,與免費送貨一起的是消費者冒險購買產(chǎn)品。故選A項。3.D　解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thepaper...analysedpurchasesmadefromasinglelargeEuropeanretailerandfoundthatfreeshippingdidencouragecustomerstobuymore.Butitalsoincreasedpurchasesofitemsthathistoricallyhavehigherreturnrates...Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.”中這些信息以及下文的分析可知,本文主要講述了免費送貨確實刺激了消費者購買更多的商品,但這種方式可能會減少公司的利潤。也就是說,文章主要圍繞免費送貨展開描述。故選D項?！編湍阃刂R】必背單詞①(熟詞生義)runv.持續(xù);延續(xù)②low-riskadj.低風(fēng)險的③launchv.發(fā)起;發(fā)動重點語塊④onbalance總的來說⑤amountto總計;共計;等于;相當于⑥makeariskypurchase冒險購買【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了出版商希望通過發(fā)行帶有配樂和音樂伴奏的版本來探索電子書的成功,以及人們對此的不同看法。4.C　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知,當一本書的情節(jié)達到最激動人心的部分時,背景音樂就會產(chǎn)生緊張感。由此推知,出版商希望電子書的配樂能在書的激動人心之處增加緊張感。故選C項。5.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中CarolineMichel所說的“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可以推知,CarolineMichel贊成為電子書增加配樂。故選B項。6.D　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中StuartMacBride所說的“IfI’mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”可知,StuartMacBride在閱讀時能想象與故事相關(guān)的聲音。故選D項。7.A　解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)第三段的“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfore-booksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.”以及第六段的“Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.”可知,本文主要介紹 了人們對帶有配樂的電子書的(不同)看法。故選A項?！編湍阃刂R】必背單詞①datedadj.過時的;陳舊的②reassessv.重新考慮;再次評價③accordinglyadv.相應(yīng)地;因此④releasev.發(fā)布;公布【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者在畢業(yè)后雖然經(jīng)歷失敗和恐懼,但他不放棄,最終走出困境的勵志故事。8.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanwasdrawingcloser.”可知,作者在畢業(yè)后難以找到工作,而學(xué)生貸款的還款期限日益逼近。由此推知,作者面臨經(jīng)濟困難。故選B項。9.C　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity?Idecidedtowrite.”以及“SoIputmythoughtsintoachildren’sbook.”可知,作者通過堅持寫作來改變自己令人沮喪的處境。故選C項。10.B　解析:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Themoralofthisstoryis...don’tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don’tgiveup.”可推知,能夠?qū)е路艞壍氖虑榭赡苁菬o望的或者是糟糕的,因此能夠替換bleak的詞應(yīng)該是hopeless。故選B項。11.A　解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)作者描述的個人經(jīng)歷以及最后一段內(nèi)容可知,本文主要談?wù)摰氖恰俺晒儆趫皂g不拔的人”。故選A項。【幫你拓知識】必背單詞①(熟詞生義)constantn.常數(shù);常量重點語塊②turnfrombadtoworse每況愈下;越來越糟③duedate到期日④fallintoplace明朗化;清晰;理出頭緒