題型針對(duì)練(二)——段首句類(lèi)Test1(2021·山東日照一模)Thecarbonfootprintshowshowmuchcarbondioxideapersonemits(排放)ineverydaylife.Itmeasurestheamountoffossil(化石)fuelsandelectricitysomeoneusesaswellasthenumberofproductsheorshebuys.Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide,variousothergasesaresetfree.　1　?Youcanmeasureyourcarbonfootprintbyusingacalculatorthatyoucanfindonvariouswebsites.　2　InAmerica,forexample,everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayearwhileinGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.?　3　Thewaywetravel,forexample,hasamajoreffectonourenvironment.Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.　4　Manyenvironmentalexperts,however,arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesincomparisonwithconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.Inyourhomeyoucancontributetosavingenergybyturningofflightsifyoudon’tneedthemorbyavoidingtheuseofairconditioners.Recyclingplasticglassandpapercanalsoreduceyourcarbonfootprintdramatically.?　5　Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.?A.Manypeopletravelbetweencitiesandsuburbseveryday.B.ThecarbonfootprintisusuallymeasuredintonsofCO2peryear.C.Theseemissionsleadtoathickeratmosphereandglobalwarming.D.Itisalsovitaltopersuadeotherstotakethesamestepsasyoudo.E.Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.F.Thewebsitesalsoprovidecarbonstoragetoolsandmethodsforindividuals.G.Buyinglocalfoodisanotherwayofrestrictingemissionintotheatmosphere.Test2(2021·福建福州6月適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Intoday’sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.　1　It’sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress.?Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles,overtiredness,orheadaches,itisquitepossiblystress-related.Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories:thosewithapracticalsolution,thosethatwillgetbetterwithtimeandthoseoutsideyourcontrol.　2　?Moveyourbody.Exercisewon’tcureyourstress,butitcanhelptocleanyourhead.Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming,butthere’snothingmorethrillingthanhittingapunchbag.Don’tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.　3　Theywillonlymakeyoufeelphysicallyandmentallyworse.?　4　Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvice,youcantalktoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup,andtheymayprovideyouwithsolutions.Sometimes,youcan’tseetheeasywayoutofthesituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.? Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.　5　Makeato-dolist.Dothebigandimportantthingslast,afteryouhaveachievedseveralofthesmallthings.Thatway,youwillapproachthebigthingsalreadyfeelinggood.?A.Talkitthrough.B.Beagoodlistener.C.Thesearen’tsolutions.D.Itpaystotrynewthings.E.Butthisisafalseimpression.F.Itcanalsoimpacthowyourbodyfunctions.G.Focusonthefirstkindandignoretheothers.Test3(2021·山東淄博高三第三次模擬)HowtostoplifegettingyoudownWedon’tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.　1　Therearemanypossiblemeanstopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown.?Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesnotonlyfilltime,butalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinamusicclub.　2　?Askforhelp.Ifyou’restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon’tneedtobeonyourown.　3　You’llalsofindthatonlineconferencesandsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.?　4　Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.Starttoappreciatethebeautyofaflower,afavouritepieceofmusicorasimplesunnyday.Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyenjoytheflavourofyourmealorlieonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.?Dothingsforothers.　5　You’llfeelmorepositiveknowingthatyou’recontributingtoabetterworld,whetherhelpingjustonepersonoralargergroup.Trydoingafewrandomactsofkindnesstobrightenupyourday;payforsomeone’sdinneratarestaurantorsendanicelettertosomeonethatyouknoworsomeonethat’smadeadifferencetoyourlife.?A.Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.B.Theymaydowondersforyourmood.C.Trynottoworryaboutwhatpeoplethinkofyou.D.Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.E.Donotbebotheredbythingsaffectingyourmood.F.Fewthingsbuildself-confidencequitelikedoingafavour.G.So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudownhowcanyoupickyourselfbackup?Test4(2021·河北唐山高三二模)Haveyoueverbeenlabelleda“perfectionist”?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.　1　?Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealways rising,andtheyapproachworkwithoptimism,pleasureandadesiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists,however,areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.　2　Theymayexperiencefearoffailure,anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.?　3　Accordingtoresearch,perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.Thisisbecauseperfectionismcanpreventyoufromleavingyourcomfortzoneandtakingrisks.　4　Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult,thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.?Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,startbysettingrealisticgoals.Thinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.　5　Notonlywillthismakeiteasiertoreachyourobjectives,butyou’llalsoexperiencethethrillofachievingthesesmallergoals.?TheodoreRooseveltsaid,“Dowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,whereyouare.”Acceptthatthisisthebestyoucandoanddon’ttryandmakeupsomeperfectworld.A.Ifsomethingisn’tperfect,theyrefuseit.B.Perfectionismcanleadtoself-criticism,too.C.Perfectionismcanreduceyourproductivity,too.D.Then,breakthemdownintomonthlyoryearlysteps.E.Infact,severeperfectionismcandomoreharmthangood.F.Theyshowthatyou’renotafraidtopushyourselfandtrynewthings.G.Whenperfectionismgetsoutofcontrol,itcanharmyouinmanyaspects.題型針對(duì)練(二)——段首句類(lèi)Test1【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了減少碳足跡的重要性,并且提出了減少碳足跡的方法。1.C　解析:空格前的“Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide,variousothergasesaresetfree.”中的carbondioxide和variousothergases對(duì)應(yīng)C項(xiàng)中的Theseemissions,C項(xiàng)承接上文,說(shuō)明這些釋放的氣體對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。2.B　解析:根據(jù)空格后的“InAmerica,forexample,everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayearwhileinGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.”可知,這些例子說(shuō)明了碳足跡通常以每年的二氧化碳噸數(shù)來(lái)衡量。故選B項(xiàng)。3.E　解析:根據(jù)下文的“Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.”可知,空格處引出減少碳足跡的措施,因此E項(xiàng)“Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。4.G　解析:根據(jù)空格后的“Manyenvironmentalexperts,however,arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesincomparisonwithconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.”可知,此處是指購(gòu)買(mǎi)當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄锸橇硪环N減少碳排放量的方法。故選G項(xiàng)。 5.D　解析:根據(jù)空格后的“Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.”可知,此處是號(hào)召人們共同行動(dòng)起來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。【幫你拓知識(shí)】必背單詞①calculatorn.計(jì)算器②dramaticallyadv.顯著地;劇烈地重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊③carbonfootprint碳足跡④putaburdenon...給……增加負(fù)擔(dān)⑤contributetosavingenergy為節(jié)約能源做貢獻(xiàn)精彩句式⑥Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.只有我們共同專注于減少碳排放才能讓我們的環(huán)境變得更好。Test2【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了面對(duì)壓力時(shí),人們應(yīng)該采取的一些措施。1.F　解析:根據(jù)上文的“Intoday’sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.”以及下文的“It’sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress.”可知,上文提到壓力對(duì)人們的影響,下文則說(shuō)值得花時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)管理壓力的策略,由此可知空格處應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明壓力對(duì)人的影響。故選F項(xiàng)。2.G　解析:根據(jù)上文的“Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles...Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories...”可知,本段的主旨是找到壓力產(chǎn)生的原因,且上文提到了三類(lèi)問(wèn)題,空格處為本段最后一句,應(yīng)承接上文說(shuō)明應(yīng)該關(guān)注第一類(lèi)問(wèn)題,故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3.C　解析:根據(jù)上文的“Moveyourbody.Exercisewon’tcureyourstress...Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming...Don’tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.”可知,上文提到不要通過(guò)抽煙和喝酒加重壓力,故本句承接上文說(shuō)明原因“這些不是解決方案。”,C項(xiàng)的These指代上文的drinkingandsmoking。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A　解析:根據(jù)下文的“Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvice,youcantalktoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup...Sometimes,youcan’tseetheeasywayoutofthesituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.”可知,下文提到可以通過(guò)向朋友傾訴自己的壓力來(lái)緩解壓力,故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。5.E　解析:根據(jù)上文的“Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.”可知,你走得越快,就會(huì)感覺(jué)你完成的事情越多。而下文則提出要列一個(gè)待辦事項(xiàng)清單,建議在完成一些小事情后再去做那些大的、重要的事情,由此可知本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折意義,故E項(xiàng)“但這是一種假象?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。 【幫你拓知識(shí)】重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊①beloadedwith...充滿……②rusharound東奔西跑③makeato-dolist列一個(gè)要做事情的清單Test3【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。遇到困難與挫折時(shí)如何讓自己勇敢面對(duì)困難?文章就此提出了一些建議。1.G　解析:根據(jù)空格前的“Wedon’tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.”可知,我們不喜歡談?wù)撚龅降睦щy,卻選擇表現(xiàn)出堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的樣子。根據(jù)空格后的“Therearemanypossiblemeanstopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown.”可知,下文給出了幾種防止自己被擊倒的方法。G項(xiàng)“So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudownhowcanyoupickyourselfbackup?”起到承上啟下的作用。故選G項(xiàng)。2.B　解析:上文的“Hobbiesnotonlyfilltime,butalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.”與B項(xiàng)“Theymaydowondersforyourmood.”都在講述興趣帶來(lái)的好處。故選B項(xiàng)。3.D　解析:本段主題句是“Askforhelp.”,而D項(xiàng)“Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.”與主題句意思一致,選項(xiàng)中的help呼應(yīng)主題句“Askforhelp.”。故選D項(xiàng)。4.A　解析:空格處為本段主題句。根據(jù)下文的“Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.”可知,本段的建議是欣賞生活中的小事,而A項(xiàng)“Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.”可以概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。5.F　解析:根據(jù)本段主題句“Dothingsforothers.”可知,下文主要介紹幫助別人的好處。F項(xiàng)“Fewthingsbuildself-confidencequitelikedoingafavour.”承接上下文。故選F項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊①beknockeddown被擊倒②tryoutanewhobby嘗試一種新的愛(ài)好③brightenupsb’sday使某人一天心情愉快Test4【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了嚴(yán)重完美主義的一些危害以及克服完美主義的辦法。1.E　解析:根據(jù)上文“Haveyoueverbeenlabelleda‘perfectionist’?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.”以及下文關(guān)于嚴(yán)重完美主義的弊端的內(nèi)容可知,E項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上,嚴(yán)重完美主義可能弊大于利。”符合此處語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。2.A　解析:上文的“Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealwaysrising...desiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists,however,areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.” 提到了不健康的完美主義者的表現(xiàn);下文的“Theymayexperiencefearoffailure,anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.”進(jìn)一步列舉不健康完美主義者的表現(xiàn);A項(xiàng)中的they對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的Unhealthyperfectionists,因此A項(xiàng)“如果某個(gè)東西是不完美的,他們就拒絕它?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。3.G　解析:根據(jù)下文的“Accordingtoresearch,perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.”可知,下文列舉了完美主義在健康、創(chuàng)造力等方面的問(wèn)題,由此可推測(cè)本句介紹了完美主義會(huì)在很多方面對(duì)你造成傷害。故選G項(xiàng)。4.C　解析:根據(jù)下文的“Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult,thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.”可知,完美主義因?yàn)檫^(guò)于追求完美,浪費(fèi)了本可以花在更重要的任務(wù)上的時(shí)間,即完美主義會(huì)降低效率。故選C項(xiàng)。5.D　解析:根據(jù)上文的“Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,startbysettingrealisticgoals.”可知,如果你認(rèn)為你有完美主義的問(wèn)題,可以從設(shè)立現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)開(kāi)始。根據(jù)下文的achievingthesesmallergoals可知,此處指把目標(biāo)進(jìn)行分解,D項(xiàng)中的them指代上文的goals。故選D項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊①eatingdisorder飲食紊亂②getcaughtupinminordetails陷入小細(xì)節(jié)③setrealisticgoals設(shè)立現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)精彩句式④It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.把完美主義看作是一種理想的或積極的品質(zhì)是很吸引人的。