2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破練習(xí)題匯編閱讀理解(一)　細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)A(2021·福建省廈門(mén)市高三畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheU.S.,friedrice,orGeneralTso’schickenmayfirstcometomind.ButanewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors’palates(味蕾)．ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.“Ithinkit’sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone，”saysKianLamKho,aco-curator(策展人)of“Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Spicy：StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica”attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.“Evenwiththesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.”That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast，”explainsco-curatorAudraAng.OneofthehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-inbabysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewithherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcanusuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfromherstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerforfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.“Istillmakethebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook，”shesays.Andit’sthekindofcomfortfoodthatdefinesChinesefoodforNi.1．Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?A．StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.B．Explorationoffamousrestaurants.C．HistoryofChineseimmigration.D．Cuisineofdifferentcountries.2．Whydoesthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants’lives?A．Itprovidesawealthylife.B．Ithelpsthemtoacceptnewcultures.C．Itbringsasenseofbelonging.D．Itenablesthemtoforgetthepast.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?A．SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) B．Shemademostmealsasachild.C．Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D．Sheliveswithabigfamily.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTalesB．HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTableC．ImmigrantsSeektheirFortuneintheU．S.D．CuisineGainsNewVariationsB(2021·江西贛州市高三一模)UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker($399.99)Withitslongbatterylife,andincrediblesoundquality,thisiscurrentlymyfavoriteBluetoothspeaker.TheHYPERBOOMalsoboastsa24-hourbatterylife.Iusethisspeakerinplaceofahomestereo(立體聲音響)formusic.It’sloudenoughtofillalargeroomandmobileenoughtotakefromroomtoroom.Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andevenpowerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup!UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker($99)IlovethewaythisportableBluetoothspeakerlooksinourkitchen.Thesoundqualityisincredible.OnefunctionallowsyoutopairtwoUrbanistasinstereo,doublingthevolumecapabilityanddeliveringasurroundsound.Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.Thisisasmart,stylishBluetoothspeakerthat’lllookandsoundgreatonyourshelf.AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker($349)Withitseasysetupandincrediblesoundquality,thisisoneofthebestWi-Fi-enabledspeakersonthemarket.Ithasnearlyeverypossibleconnectionport,allowingyoutobroadcasttootherWi-Fienabledspeakersinyourhouse.NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker($1,690)ThisbeautifulWi-Ficonnectedsoundsystemisperfectformusic.Thestylishdesignwillfitneatlyinanylivingroomandfillthespacewithimpressivelyloudsound.Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasinglebutton.5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHYPERBOOM?A．Itresistsoilandwater.B．Itcanbecontrolledbyanapp.C．Itneedschargingfrequently.D．It’snotsuitableforalargeroom.6．WhatislessthansatisfactoryaboutUrbanistaspeaker?A．It’simmovable.　B．Itbreakseasily.C．It’snoteasytouse.　D．It’snotloudenough.7．Whichisawisechoiceifyouoftenlistentointernetradio?第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) A．UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker.B．UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker.C．AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker.D．NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker.C(2021·江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下期新高考模擬二)Mobilitychallenges？HelpisathandExperiencingdiminished(減弱的)mobilitycanbeextremelydifficult.Whenpeopletalkaboutit,alotofthefocusisonthephysicalconsequences,butcopingwithitsemotionalimpact-thelossoffreedom,theknocktoyourconfidenceandthefeelingsoffrustrationarejustassignificantasthephysical.MobilityscootersTherearevariousresourcesandmobilityaidsouttherethatcanhelp-wheelchair,mobilityscooterorwalkingaid,etc.Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.MakingtraveleasierItcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.Userscanunfoldthescooterinsecondsandit’spackedfullofbeneficialfeaturesthatwillimproveyourdaytodayjourneysandmaketravellingmoreaccessibleforyou.Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.Thecampaignendson11thFebruary2021．FormoreinformationabouteFOLDiLite,visithttp：//reservefold.com/？scooter＝exclusive.8．Whyarethepsychologicaleffectsofdiminishedmobilitymentionedatthebeginning?A．Tointroducethetopicofdiminishedmobility.B．ToprovidemoreknowledgeabouteFOLDiLite.C．Todrawpeople’sattentiontopsychologicalhealth.D．ToattractmorepotentialcustomersofeFOLDiLite.9．WhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofeFOLDiLite?A．Itcanbeunfoldedwithcertainhelp.B．Itcanridyouoftravelrestrictions.C．Itcanbechargedquicklyandeasily.D．Itismoresuitableforalongjourney.10．HowmuchwillyoupayatleastwhenorderingtheproductontheInternet?第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) A．￡1,280．　B．￡600．C．￡2,480．　D．￡1,240．閱讀理解(二)　推理判斷類(lèi)A(2021·福建省廈門(mén)市高三畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Lifecontinuallyrequiresthatwewritedownafewwordsofthanks：forholidays,meals,presentsorpeople’splaceinourhearts.However,toooften,ourmessagesendupflatorsomewhatunconvincing.Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.Tosomeextent,whatdistinguishesgreatfromcommonartisthelevelofdetailwithwhichtheworldhasbeenstudied.Atalentedartistis,firstandforemost,someonewhotakesusintothespecificsofthereasonswhyanexperienceoraplacefeltvaluable.Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis“nice”，theyzero_in_ontheparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness：leavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds....Someofthereasonwhygreatartistsarerareisthatourmindsarenotwellsetuptounderstandwhywefeelaswedo.Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.Westandtorealisethatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas“delicious”；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust“nice”；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.Thedetailswillbethere,waitingforustocatchthem.Wedon’thavetobegreatartiststosendeffectivethank-younotes.Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Weseldomexpressgratitudebywriting.B．Weusuallyfindmessagesofthankstouching.C．Weshouldtakeacourseformessagewriting.D．Wemaydrawinspirationforthank-yousfromarts.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“zeroinon”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Leaveout.　B．Clearup.C．Focuson.　D．Holdback.3．HowisParagraph3developed?A．Byclassification.　B．Byexample.C．Bydefinition.　D．Byprocess.4．Whichwouldtheauthorrecommendtoexpressgratitude?A．Iamblessedtohavesuchawonderfulweek.B．Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．Thankyousomuchforyourgreatpresent.D．ThisisthemostdeliciousdinnerI’veeverhad.B(2021·寧夏石嘴山市高考二模)AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimalsFromNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorMillieMarottacomesthisgorgeouscelebrationoftheanimalkingdom.Highlighting43endangeredspecies,thebooktakesreadersonatriparoundtheworldwhilelearningaboutrareandwell-knownanimalsandtheirhabitats.MarcovaldoMarcovaldoisacollectionof20shortstorieswrittenbyItaloCalvino.DescribingthelifeofapoorruralmanlivinginnorthernItaly,thestoriesunfoldaccordingtotheseasonalcycleofayear.Commonthemesinthestoriesincludepollution,failureandpoverty.TheArtofMondoOvertheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.TheComingoftheThirdReichThereisnostoryin20th-centuryhistorymoreimportanttounderstandthanHitler’srisetopowerandthecollapse(坍塌)ofcivilizationinNaziGermany.TheComingoftheThirdReich,byRichardEvans,offersamasterfulcombinationofacademicwork,importantnewresearchandinterpretations.PatriarchyandCapitalismChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.5．Whichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinart?A．Marcovaldo.　B．TheArtofMondo.C．TheComingoftheThirdReich　D．PatriarchyandCapitalism.6．Whocaresaboutwomen’srightsandinterests?A．MillieMarotta.　B．ItaloCalvino.C．RichardEvans.　D．ChizukoUeno.7．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tointroduceartforms.B．Torememberfivewriters.C．Torecommendqualitybooks.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) D．Tocomparedifferentcultures.C(2021·江西九校高三一模)Inthismostunusualyear,thegiftofgivingwillfeelespeciallygood.Thesetipscanhelpmaketheseasonmerryandbrightforeveryone.What’sDifferentThisYearHotTicketItemsMayBeExtraHot：Somecompanieshavescaledbacktheirholidayorderingthisyeartotriminventory,sopopularproductsmightselloutfast—instoresandonline.Soifyouseeagoodpriceforanitemonyourlist,besuretograbit.AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.OnlineSalesWillStartEarlyThisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.Toavoidparkinglotchaos,trytopickupyourpurchasesfirstthinginthemorningorlaterintheevening,whenwaittimesshouldbeshorter.OutletsAreOnlineTooIfoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.Shoppremiumoutlets.comisthevirtualversionofthecountry’slargestoutletcompany.Insomeways,it’sevenbetterthananin-persontripbecauseyoucanshopbyitemorcategoryandimmediatelyseewhatdifferentretailershaveinstock,ratherthangoingstoretostore.WhentoShopNotonThanksgiving：Manystoresthatopenedtheirdoorsontheholidaylastyearhaveannouncedthattheywillbeclosedthisyear.Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清倉(cāng))．Thedownsides：Theymightnotbearoundifyouneedtoreturnsomethingoruseagiftcard.Inotherwords：Bankruptcybuyersbeware.8．Whichisthebesttimetosendgifts?A．October30．　B．December9．C．December15．　D．December24．9．Whatcanwelearnaboutholidayshoppingthisyear?A．Shopperscanonlybuyitemsonline.B．ShoppingonThanksgivingisthebestchoice.C．Popularproductsmightselloutfastonlyinstores.D．ShoppersmayseeagoodpriceforanitemrightafterHalloween.10．Whowillbemostinterestedinthispassage?A．Peoplewhoaremoney-less.B．Peoplewholikeshoppingathome.C．Peoplewhoareretailers.D．Peoplewhoarefondofbargains.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 閱讀理解(三)　詞句猜測(cè)類(lèi)A(2021·四川省南充市高三下學(xué)期第三次適應(yīng)性考試)Facialrecognitiontechnologyisalreadywidelyusedbygovernmentsandsomeadvertisingcompanies.Thetechnologyusesmachinelearningtoolstosearchforfacesinanattempttoidentifypeople.Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.“Forspecieslikechimpanzees,whichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingsnapshotsoftheirbehaviorfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch，”Schofieldsaid.Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.Butdoingthiswouldhaverequiredsearchingthroughhundredsofhoursofvideorecordingsofchimpanzeesinthewild.TheresearchersrecordedtheactivitiesofagroupofchimpanzeesthatlivedintheWestAfricannationofGuinea.Afacialrecognitioncomputermodelwastrainedusingmorethan10millionimagesoftheanimals.Themodelwasthenusedtosearch,recognizeandtrackindividualchimpanzees.Thesystemwasabletoidentifyindividualchimpanzeescorrectlyabout92percentofthetime.Itsuccessfullyidentifiedtheanimals’sex96percentofthetime.Thestudyincludedanexperimentwithhumanstoseehowtheycouldperformagainstthemachinelearningsysteminmakingidentifications.Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.Theresearcherssaytheyarepermittingotherscientiststousethesystemforsimilarprojects.Theyhopethemethodwillbeusedwithotherspeciestorecordanimalbehaviorandmonitordifferentanimalpopulationsintheenvironment.1．WhatcanweinferfromSchofield’swords?A．Researchingchimpanzeesneedsmoreinformation.B．Chimpanzeescanliveaslongashumans.C．Chimpanzeesliketogetsnapshotstoo.D．Short-termfieldresearchprovidesmoreinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A．Recordingthechimpanzeesinthewild.B．Studyingchimpanzeesoverseveralyears.C．Understandingthelivesofthechimpanzeescompletely.D．Gettingsnapshotsofchimpanzees’behavior.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 3．Whatdidtheexperimentwithhumansproveinthestudy?A．Humansmakemoreaccurateidentifications.B．Themachinelearningsystemismoreeffective.C．Humanscan’tidentifytheanimals’sexcorrectly.D．Machinelearningtoolstakealittlemoretimeinidentification.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FacialrecognitionforanimalsisbecomingpopularB．FacialrecognitionishelpinganimalsliveinthewildC．FacialrecognitionplaysaroleinraisinganimalsD．FacialrecognitionisusedtoidentifyandfollowanimalsB(2021·貴州省貴陽(yáng)市高三下學(xué)期適應(yīng)性考試(二))Theminimalistlifestyleneedstobeconsideredonlyafterweownmorethanweneed.Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.Inaddition,thefast-pacedlifewehavetodaymakesusbusierthanever.Therefore,Ithinkaminimalistlifestyleisnecessarytohelppeopleeasetheirburdenandfocusonthebestpartoflife.AlthoughI’mnotastrictpractitionerofminimalism,Idobenefitalotfromasimplerlife.WhenIgotemployedin2018,Iwastedmysalariesonlotsofclothes,shoes,cosmetics,booksandfoodtoenrichmylife.However,pilesofthingsmademyroommessyandalotofstuffthingshadtobethrownawayunused.Aboutoneyearago,IlaidmyhandsonabooknamedDanshari,whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.AnotherbadhabitIhaveworkedhardtochangeisspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphoneandiPadasameanstofreemyselffromtheworkstress.Alotofmyvaluabletimewaswastedonvarioustime-killingappswhichdidn’tdomuchgoodtomyself-improvement.Adoptingasimplelifecanbeabitchallengingandneedsconstanteffort.HerearesometipsIfindhelpful.First,concentrateonthingsthatarereallyimportantandmeaningful.Second,accesstoinformationshouldbesimpleandwell-targeted；readingbooksisagoodalternativetomeaninglesssocialinteractionandtime-killingapps.Third,purchasefewergoodswithbetterqualityandtidyupyourroomregularly.Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(樸素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph3?A．Recommended.　B．Remembered.C．Wrote.　D．Read.6．Whatdoesaminimalistlifestylemean?第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) A．Buyingalotofthingswelike.B．Concentratingourselvesonthejobs.C．Formingahabitofsimplelife.D．Spendingmoretimeusingapps.7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WealthIsLess　B．MessIsSimpleC．MoreIsHappiness　D．LessIsMoreC(2021·新疆高三一模)OntheFather’sDaybeforemyfatherenteredanursinghome,IgavehimanElmodoll.LikethecoloredpencilsandsketchbookIboughthimayearearlier,thiswasadesperateattempttobringsomejoytomyincreasinglybedriddenfather.Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.AtthesightofElmo,mythreeeldersistersshooktheirheads,certainthatourfatherwhowasanythingbutchildishwouldnotlikeit.Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.“Whatonearthisthis？”shoutedmysisters,burstingintolaughter.“DaddyknowswhyIgivehimthis，”Isaid,thinkingthattheyhadnoideawhatElmomeanttomyfather.Tomydisappointment,myfathershrugged.Howcouldhenotremember？Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchenandheardsomethingrarefromthelivingroom：laughter.IrandownstairsandsawthatElmowasonthePBScookingshow“TheFrugalGourmet”．“Idon’tknowwhatitisabouthimthatgetstome，”myfatherchokedoutbetweenlaughterandtears.“He’sjustsofunny！”Asmyfatherlayinthenursinghome,Iwouldvisithimintheevenings.Wewatchedoldmovieswiththelightsoff.Eventhoughheneveraskedforit,IbroughtElmofromhomeandputhimwheremyfathercouldseehim.Beforeleaving,IwouldtakeElmofromthedresserandplacehiminmyfather’simmobilearm.Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlookedsofter.8．What’stheproblemwiththeauthor’sfather?A．Helosttheabilitytofeeljoy.B．Hebecamechildishafterthestroke.C．Hewasdisappointedwithhischildren.D．Hewasboundtostayinbedduetoanillness.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concealed”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Hid.　B．Showed.C．Explained.　D．Expressed.10．WhydidtheauthorgivehisfatheranElmodoll?A．Hisfatheraskedforone.　B．AnElmodollonceamusedhisfather.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．Nothingbutadollmadehisfathersmile.　D．Hisfathermentionedoneonthecookingshow.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Thetroubleastrokecancause.B．Thedifficultytomakeafatherhappy.C．Howasimplegiftbringsjoytoafather.D．Howtochooseapropertoyforoldpeople.閱讀理解(四)　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度類(lèi)A(2021·河北石家莊市高三一模)Stayinguplatedoinghomeworkisalwaystiring.Andperhapswhenwebecometired,wefeeltheneedtoeatunhealthysnackfood.Recentlyscientistshavebeeninvestigatingtirednessandsnackfood.AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.Forthestudy,researchersfromUniversityofCologneinGermanygavethesamedinnerto32healthymenagedbetween19and33．Halfofthemenwerethensenthometobed,andtheotherhalfwerekeptawakeinthelaboratoryallnight.Thenextmorning,theparticipantswereaskedtoconsiderhowmuchtheywouldbewillingtopayforsnackfooditemsshowntotheminpictures.Accordingtotheresearchers,allweresimilarlyhungryinthemorning,andhadsimilarlevelsofmosthormones(荷爾蒙)andbloodsugar.However,brainscansshowedthatwhenthesleep-deprived(缺少睡眠的)participantslookedatthepicturesofjunkfood,theyreleasedmoreofthe“hungerhormone”．Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.Askedabouthowmuchtheywouldpayforsnacks,“Participantswithsleepdeprivationweremorewillingtooverspendonfooditemsthanthosewithagoodnight’ssleep，”researcherstoldScienceDaily.Researchersalsoobservedthatamongthepeoplewhohadn’tslept,therewasgreateractivityinthepartofthebrainwherefoodrewardsareprocessed.Thescientiststhinkthatsleep-deprivedpeopleexperiencechangestothehungerhormoneandthebrain’srewardsystemthatthenleadstoastrongerdesiretoeatsnackswithhighfatandcalories.“Thisbringsusalittleclosertounderstandingthemechanism(機(jī)制)behindhowsleepdeprivationchangesfoodvaluation，”P(pán)rofessorJanPeters,aco-authorofthestudyfromtheUniversityofCologne,toldTheIndependent.Sometipsonthis：*Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.*Dosomeslightexerciseforashorttimewhenyou’retired.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) *Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.*Distanceyourselffromsnacks.1．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Lesssleepleadstomoresnacks.B．Stayinguplatedoesharmtohealth.C．Tirednessisthecauseoflesssleep.D．Weneednosnackswhenwesleep.2．Whatmakespeopleeatmorejunkfoodaccordingtothestudy?A．Bloodsugar.　B．Fooditems.C．Thehungerhormone.　D．Fatandcalories.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplewholacksleepusuallyspendlessonfooditems.B．Listeningtosoftmusichelpspeoplefeelrelaxed.C．Exerciseasmuchasyoucanwhenyouaretired.D．Peoplewhosleepwellcangetfoodrewards.4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardssnacks?A．Positive.　B．Indifferent.C．Negative.　D．Neutral.B(2021·江蘇省揚(yáng)州市高三考前調(diào)研測(cè)試)Fishtongues,harvestedbychildrenCod(鱈魚(yú))tongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintofsaltiness.Itisnature’sgift,saysJanErik,vice-presidentoftheNorwegianfishermen’sassociation.LivEva,a35-year-oldwhoworksforaresearchinstitute,saysthatwhenshewasagirl,menandboysdominatedthecod-tongue-cuttingtradeonLofoten,aNorwegianisland.Thisyear,shewashappytoseeagrandmotherandgranddaughtersellingtongues.Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskj?ringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheaded(去頭的)fishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.Noteveryonegetsinvolved.Thosewithambitionskeeptheirdistance；tongue-cuttingissomethingofafisherman’sroughlife.AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.“Childlabor！”theycried.The第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) governmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.Abiggerthreattotheindustryisthatstocksarelow.FromApril27th,2021NorwegiancodcaughtincoastalwaterswillloseitssustainabilityratingfromtheMarineConservationCouncil,aglobalfishwatchdog.5．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tobringupthetopic.B．Toputforwardanargument.C．Tosetoffaconflict.D．Tobringforwardasuggestion.6．Theunderlinedphrase“theartoftungeskj?ring”refersto________.A．thetastingofcodtongue　B．thecuttingofcodtongueC．thecookingofcodtongue　D．thedrawingofcodtongue7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphfocuson?A．Thetraditionsofthecodtongueindustry.B．Theadvantagesofthecodtongueindustry.C．Theproblemswiththecodtongueindustry.D．Thechangesofthecodtongueindustry.8．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetowardsthechildren’sharvestingcodtongue?A．Supportive.　B．Ignorant.C．Respectful.　D．Disapproving.C(2021·山西省陽(yáng)泉市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)三模)Inthe17thcentury,theNetherlandsexperiencedaperiodofartisticprosperityknownastheDutchGoldenAge.Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer(約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾)．Knownasthe“MonaLisaoftheNorth，”thispaintingrepresentsthebestofDutchart.ThoughGirlWithaPearlEarringiscoveredinmystery,ithasbecomeoneofarthistory’smostbelovedpaintings.Specializingingenrepainting—atypeofartthatemploysscenesofeverydaylifeasits第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) subject—DutchartistJohannesVermeerisfamousforhisdepictions(描繪)ofcontemporaryDelft,acityinHollandwheretheartistwasborn,lived,anddied.Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.However,itdidnotattaininternationalfameatitstimeofcompletion.Thatcameaboutattheendofthe20thcentury,whenitwasfeaturedinaspecialexhibitionattheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D．C.GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.Inadditiontoanelegantblueandyellowturban(女用頭巾),shewearsalarge,tear-shapedpearlearring.Onthesurface,thisdepictionsseemstohavetheclassiccharacteristicsofaportrait,butitisactuallyknownasatronie(十七世紀(jì)荷蘭的一種風(fēng)俗肖像畫(huà))anddoesnotrefertoaspecificpersonorplace.Today,GirlwithaPearlEarringremainsoneofthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.“WhenyouthinkabouttheMonaLisa,sheisalsolookingatus,butsheisn’tengaging—sheissittingbackinthepainting,self-contained，”TracyChevalier,theauthoroftheNewYorkTimesbestsellinghistoricalnovel,GirlwithaPearlEarring,pointsout.“WhereasGirlwithaPearlEarringisrightthere—thereisnothingbetweenherandus.Shehasthismagicalqualityofbeingremarkablyopenandyetmysteriousatthesametime—andthatiswhatmakeshersoappealing.”9．WhatcanwelearnaboutVermeerfromthetext?A．Vermeerattainedinternationalfameexactlyin1665．B．VermeerlearnedalotfromthepaintingMonaLisa.C．Vermeershowedhisworksattheendofthe20thcentury.D．VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665．10．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．Indifferent.　B．Ambiguous.C．Objective.　D．Conservative.11．WhycouldJohannesVermeercreatethefamouspaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．HefoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques.B．Hestudiedtheadvancedpaintingtechniquesinhischildhood.C．Hewasreallyfamousforthevividdepictionsofhishometown.D．Hehadanefficientcommunicationwiththepeopleinhishometown.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 12．Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Basicbackground.　B．Subjectmatter.C．Magicalquality.　D．Paintingtechniques.閱讀理解(五)　寫(xiě)作意圖類(lèi)A(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.BlackCanyon(峽谷)ofGunnisonNationalParkThisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.Visitorsareofferedmorethan100campingsites,andalotofbirdspeciesandmanyanimalsarenativetothearea.RockyMountainNationalParkItistheonlynationalparkinthenorthcentralregioninthestateofColorado.Elevationsinthisparkareanywherefrom8,000feetto14,259feetatthetopofLongsPeak.WhiletravelingthroughoutthisparkyouwillnoticetwoverydifferentclimatesbecauseofthedifferencetheupperpeaksoftheRockyMountainsmake.Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.MesaVerdeNationalParkThisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.Thisparkwasdeclaredaprotectednationalparkin1906becauseofthecliffdwellings(住所)thatwerefoundthroughoutthearea,whichwereoncehometoAmericanIndians.Manyofthesedwellingscanbewalkedthrough,whileyouimaginewhateachroommayhavebeenusedforsomanyyearsago.GreatSandDunes(沙丘)NationalParkTheGreatSanddunesNationalParkliesinsouthcentralColorado,about127milesfromPueblo.ThisparkhasthetallestsanddunesinallofNorthAmericaandhastrailsforhiking.Thenaturalsandybeachesaroundthesmallriversandlakesaregoodforswimmers.1．What’sthemostbreathtakingthingintheBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalPark?A．Theanimals.　B．Thewalls.C．Therivers.　D．Thecampingsites.2．IntheRockyMountainNationalPark，touristsmayNOTbeableto________.A．gosightseeing　B．boatC．rideahorse　D．camp3．Ifyouareinterestedinhistory，youareadvisedtovisit________.A．theRockyMountainNationalParkB．theBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalParkC．theGreatSandDunesNationalPark第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) D．theMesaVerdeNationalPark4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．PersuadingpeopletovisitColoradowhileinAmerica.B．ShowingpeoplewhichparkisthebestofthefourinColorado.C．IntroducingthebestfourparksinColoradotopeople.D．TellingpeoplesometravelinginformationinColorado.B(2021·廣西南寧市高三一模)InrecentyearscomputerscientistshavecomeupwithseveraldifferentwaysofcreatingfalsevideosofpeopleusingArtificialIntelligence(AI)．Thesevideosareusuallycalled“deepfakes”．Somedeepfakesworkbyputtingthefaceofonepersonontoadifferentpersoninavideo.Othersworkbytakinganexistingvideoofapersonandchangingitsothatthepersonsaysordoessomethingtheydidn’tsayordo.Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.Onegroupofcomputerscientistscreatedaprogramthatallowedthemtoeditthewordscomingoutofsomeone’smouthinavideojustlikeyoumighteditadocumentonthecomputer.It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake?ManydeepfakesaresogoodthatonlyanotherAIsystemcantellthatthey’refake.ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.5．Whatcanbelearntaboutdeepfakes?A．Theyareallmadebyapps.B．Theyareimprovingrapidly.C．Theyaremainlyusedtojoke.D．They’lllosepopularitysoon.6．WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutdeepfakes?A．Theanxietiesraisedbythem.B．Theresultscausedbythem.C．Thewaysofmakingthem.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) D．Thedoubtsaboutthem.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopingAItoolstorecognizedeepfakes?A．Optimistic.　B．Supportive.C．Disapproving.　D．Uncertain.8．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TorecommendnewAItools.B．ToexplaintheimportanceofAI.C．Todescribeatechnologytrend.D．Tostresstechnologyrevolutions.C(2021·北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模)Fortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封鎖)．AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon’tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢復(fù)活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specialized第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) andexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.9．Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A．a(chǎn)daptstochangesefficientlyB．balancessupplyanddemandC．focusesonessentialitemsD．reducescostsofproduction10．Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A．weakness　B．diversityC．unfairness　D．complexity11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B．GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C．GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D．Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.12．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB．a(chǎn)dvocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC．discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD．provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies閱讀理解(六)　主旨大意類(lèi)A(2021·江西六校高三3月聯(lián)考)Migratingterns(燕鷗)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.ResearchersexamineddatarecordedbytrackingdevicesonsixternsfromOkinawa,Japan,tolearnmoreaboutthebirds’migrationsovermultipleyears.TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s“typhoonhighway”togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.“Theyseemtobeabletopredictit，”saysJean-BaptisteThiebot,apostdoctoralfellowattheNationalInstituteofPolarResearchinJapanandleadauthorofthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedinJuneinMarineBiology.Thestudyoffersfewcluesabouthowternsmightdothis,but第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) otherresearchsuggestssomemigratingbirdsdetectinfrasonic(次聲的)weathersignalsorobservechangingclouds.TheternsThiebotstudiedtypicallyavoidedthetyphoonsthemselves.Butthesestormscanchurn(劇烈攪動(dòng))foodtotheoceansurface,sotheimmediateresultsmayhelpthehungrytravelers.Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.Thiebotwouldliketoseethispatternconfirmedinalargerstudy.Healsoworriesthatincreasingtyphoonfrequencycouldaffectbirds’predictionaccuracy,possiblygettingthemcaughtindangerousweather.RobertGill,aretiredresearchwildlifebiologist,saysthatalthoughthestudy’ssamplesizeissmall,itaddstoscientists’overallunderstandingofmigration.“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，”Gillsays,“butthey’vealsohadtensofthousands,ifnotmillions,ofyearstohonethatskill.”1．WhatdidtheternsdoaftergettingtotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesi?A．Theyvariedtheirprojectedpath.B．Theystayedtherefortheexacttimetoleave.C．Theystayedawaketofindfeedingchances.D．Theychurnedfoodtotheoceansurface.2．AccordingtoThiebot,whydidtheternssetoffontheirjourneyslaterinthe2017season?A．Theymightnotdetectstrongtyphoonsignals.B．Theydidn’tfindenoughfood.C．Theywerecaughtindangerousweather.D．Theywantedtoflywithoutstops.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hone”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Teach.　B．Develop.C．Ignore.　D．Share.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimpactoftyphoons.B．Anewapproachtoforecastingweather.C．Theprocessofterns’migrations.D．Terns’abilitytopredicttyphoon.B(2021·廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬考試)Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,thechallengeofapplyingtocollegesisparticularlydifficult.1in4dealwithallofthat—thewriting,thestudying,theresearchingandapplying—completelyontheirown.Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthat第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) matchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice：SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.Hefeltempoweredbytheprocess.Figuringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhat,CollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn’therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowCollegePointworks.B．ThegoalofCollegePoint.C．Waystoapplyforafreeadviser.D．Thechallengeofchoosingcolleges.6．Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?A．Overestimatingtheirabilities.B．Knowinglittleaboutcolleges.C．Lackofenoughlearningexperience.D．Failuretogetsupportfromtheirfamilies.7．WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?A．Shedidn’twanttostayfarfromhome.B．Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.C．Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.D．Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaFinancialAdviserB．StepsforTopStudentstoSelectIdealCollegesC．AdvisersHelpPoorStudentsApplytoSuitableCollegesD．CollegePoint—aProgramHelpingStudentsScoreHighC第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) (2021·江蘇省南京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第二次高考模擬)Whenwe’vegotchildren,it’stypicalofustogivecarefulthoughttohowmuchTVthechildrenarewatchingandthatthey’reexposedto.ArewebeingoverprotectiveabouttheeffectrealityTVishavingonourchild？Theansweris“No”．Orrather,there’sincreasingevidencethattheseprogrammescanhaveaprofoundinfluenceonyoungpeople.ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.ThetruthisthatrealityTVisanythingbutreality—butthat’snotnecessarilywhatourchildrenbelieve.AstudyfortheGirlScoutResearchInstituteintheUSfoundthateightoutoftengirlsagedbetween11and17whoregularlywatchrealityshowsbelievetheseprogrammesdescribereallife.Infact,muchofrealityTVisaheavilymanipulatedviewofwhat’sreallyhappening,andtheworstofitstrengthensthesortoffemalestereotypeswomenhavespentdecadestryingtoremove.ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.There’sawidespreademphasisonthevalueofwomenbeingabouthowtheylookanddress,whichgivesyoungviewersthemessagethatbeingawomanisallaboutstyleandappearance,notwhatyoudoorstandfor.CulturalcriticandwriterJenniferPoznerdescribesrealityTVas“thecontemporarynegativereactionagainstfeminism”．ImranSiddiquee,DirectorofSocialMediaandOutreach,isconcernedthattheseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand“normalize”theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings.“Theyoffersuchalimitedviewofwhatitistobeawoman,andallovertheworldyounggirlsareaddictedtoit，”hesays.Siddiqueedoesrecognize,however,thatmanygirlsthemselvesvaluerealityTV.Somesayitencouragesthemtothinkaboutsituationsdifferentfromtheirown.Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.“It’simportanttoacknowledgethattherearesomeusefulelementsinrealityTV，”Siddiqueesays.“Butmanygirlsneedtobeinspiredtothinkmorecriticallyaboutsomeaspectsoftheseshowssothey’renotmanipulatedbythemandsotheirbehaviourdoesn’tchangebecauseofthem.”Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.WhetherrealityTVischangingourchildren’sviews,orwhethertheyareattractedtoprogrammesthatagreewiththeirbeliefs,it’svitalwerecognizethattheirviewinghabitscouldstrengthentheseunbalancedideas.9．Thispassageismostprobablyintendedfor________.A．teenagegirls　B．parentsC．mediaworkers　D．generalpublic10．WhatistheproblemwitharealityTVshow?A．Itistootruetolifeforaudiencetobelievein.B．Actorsanddirectorslackasenseofinnovation.C．Itscontentsandviewsareratherartificial.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) D．Ithascausedcontroversiesamongteenagers.11．AccordingtotheImranSiddquee,whatshouldrealityTVshowspresent?A．Genuineaccountsoffemalesandtheirwork.B．Waystogainmorepopularityamongpeers.C．DistinctionbetweentruelifeandTVdramas.D．Tipsonhowtobecomestylishyounggirls.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．SituationswhereteenagersareattractedtocertainTVprogrammes.B．RealityTVshows’impactonyounggirlsandparent’sguidance.C．Thewaytohelpchildrentohavethehabitofcriticalthinking.D．ThestereotypesofwomenonTVandaudience’sreaction.閱讀理解(七)　標(biāo)題歸納題A(2021·山東省(新高考)高三二模英語(yǔ)試卷(三))Whenmusiccomeson,somepeoplearetoe-lappersorhead-bobbers,othersshaketheirhips,andthentherearethosewholettherhythmmovethemtoafull-bodyboogie(布吉舞)．But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercannowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprint”．ResearchersattheCentreforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchatFinland’sUniversityofJyv-skylhavebeenusingmotioncapture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytostudywhataperson’sdancemovessayabouthisorhermood,personality,andabilitytosympathize.TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.Intheirstudy,theresearchersmotioncaptured73participantswiththeAItechnologywhiletheydancedtoeightdifferentmusicgenres：electronica,jazz,metal,pop,rap,reggae,country,andblues.Theonlyinstructionthedancersweregivenwastomoveinawaythatfeltnatural.Butwhatitcoulddowasmoreshocking.Thecomputerwasabletocorrectlyidentifywhichmusiconeoftheparticipantswasdancingto94percentofthetime,regardlessofwhatkindofmusicwasplaying,basedonthepatternofaperson’sdancestyle.Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，”saidPasiSaari,aco-authorofthestudy,inaclass.It’spossiblethatdance-recognitionsoftwarecouldbecomesomethingsimilartoface-recognitionsoftwarebutitdoesn’tseemaspractical.Fornow,researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(監(jiān)視)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.Sodon’tworryaboutbeingidentifiedatnightclubbyanAIviayoursignaturedancemovesyet.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 1．WhatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowiththeMLmachine?A．Testthedancers’flexibility.　B．Makedancersaccustomedtothebeat.C．Identifythemusicusingdancers’moves.　D．Checktheaccuracyofmotioncapturetechnology.2．WhatmightnothelptheAItechnologydetermineadancer’sidentity?A．Headmovement.　B．Footmovement.C．Kneemovement.　D．Shouldermovement.3．Whatdoresearcherswanttousetheresultsfor?A．Puttingitontheapplicationmarket.　B．Programmingittoworkatnightclub.C．Learningaboutthehumanresponsetomusic.　D．Developingasoftwarelikeface-recognition.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Amusicstylematterslessthanitsbeat.B．NewAIcangenerateyournextdancemove.C．Adance-recognitionsoftwarewillbecomemorepopular.D．NewAIcanidentifyyoubyyourdancing“fingerprint”．B(2021·貴州省畢節(jié)市高三年級(jí)診斷性考試(三))E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.Researchersfounde-cigarettevapourdisabledimportantimmunecellsinthelungandboostedinflammation(炎癥)．Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.However,PublicHealthEnglandadvisestheyaremuchlessharmfulthansmokingandpeopleshouldnothesitatetousethemasanaidtogivingupcigarettes.Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.Previousstudieshavefocusedonthechemicalelementsofe-cigaretteliquidbeforeitisvaped.Inthisstudy,theresearchersdesignedamechanicalprocesstomimic(模擬)vapinginthelaboratory,usinglungtissuesamplesprovidedbyeightnon-smokers.Theyfoundvapourcausedinflammationandimpairedtheactivityofalveolarmacrophagescells(肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞)thatremovedpotentiallydamagingdustparticles,bacteriaandallergens.Theysailsomeoftheeffectsweresimilartothoseseeninregularsmokersandpeoplewithchroniclungdisease.Theycautionthattheresultsareonlyinlaboratoryconditionsandtheyareplanningtodomoreresearchtobetterunderstandthelong-termhealthimpactthechangesrecordedtookplaceonly48hours.ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancer第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) risk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.Ifyouvapefor20or30years,youcansufferfromCOPD(chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease),thenthat’ssomethingweneedtoknowabout.5．What’sthewidelyheldopinionaboute-cigarettes?A．They’remoreharmful.　　　B．They’relessharmful.C．They’reunknowntopeople.　　　D．They’reharmless.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．It’sbelievable.B．It’sconductednarrowly.C．It’sacceptedbymostpeople.D．It’scarriedoutinAmerica.7．Whatcanwelearnaboute-cigarettesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyaresaferintermsofmentalproblems.B．Theymaybelittleharminthelongrun.C．Theyaresaferwithregardtocancerrisk.D．Theycancompletelyreplacetraditionalones.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cane-cigarettesdamagevitalbrainsystemcells?B．Cane-cigarettesbecomepopularamongpeople?C．Cane-cigarettesberecommendedtosmokers?D．Canc-cigarettesdamagevitalimmunesystemcells?C(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durability(耐久性)andsensitivity.Theskinore-skinmayplayanimportantroleinnext-generationpersonalizedmedicine,softroboticsandartificialintelligence.“Theideale-skinwillmimic(模仿)manynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime，”saysleadingresearcherYichenCai.However,makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformsuchdelicatetaskswhilealsousedrepeatedlyischallenging,andeachmaterialinvolvedmustbecarefullyengineered.Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.“Thelandscapeofskinelectronicskeepsshiftingataremarkablepace，”saysCai.“Thediscoveryof2Dsensorshasacceleratedeffortstoturnthesequitethinbutstrongmaterialsintofunctional,durableartificialskins.”Thenewman-madeskinbuiltbytheresearcherscouldsenseobjectsfrom20centimetersaway.Itcouldfurthermakeaquickresponsewhentouchedinlessthanonetenthofasecond.“It第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) isastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，”saidShen,“whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.”Thistypeofe-skincouldmonitorarangeofbiologicalinformation,suchaschangesinbloodpressure,whichcanbedetectedfrommovementsofarmsandlegs.ThisdatacanthenbesharedandstoredonthecloudviaWi-Fi.“Oneremainingproblemtothewidespreaduseofe-skinsliesinmassproductionofhigh-resolutionsensors，”addsgroupleaderVincentTung“however,thelatesttechnologyoffersnewpromise.”9．What’sthefeatureofthenewe-skin?A．Itcanstoreinformation.B．It’squitehardandtough.C．It’sflexibleandsensitive.D．Itcanreplacehumanskin.10．Whydoestheauthormention“moste-skins”inParagraph3?A．Tostressthechallengesofmakinge-skins.B．Tointroducethepopularityofe-skins.C．Toshowtheprocessofmakinge-skins.D．Tocomparethesimilaritybetweene-skins.11．Whatcanthenewe-skindo?A．Adjustthebloodpressure.B．Recoverthewoundedskin.C．Workasaremotecontroller.D．Sensetheoutsidetemperature.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABreakthroughinHi-techB．Man-madeSkin,ImprovedC．E-skin,APromisingBusinessD．TheWidespreadUseofE-skin第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 參考答案與試題解析閱讀理解(一)　細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)A(2021·福建省廈門(mén)市高三畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheU.S.,friedrice,orGeneralTso’schickenmayfirstcometomind.ButanewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors’palates(味蕾)．ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.“Ithinkit’sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone，”saysKianLamKho,aco-curator(策展人)of“Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Spicy：StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica”attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.“Evenwiththesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.”That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast，”explainsco-curatorAudraAng.OneofthehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-inbabysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewithherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcanusuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfromherstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerforfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.“Istillmakethebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook，”shesays.Andit’sthekindofcomfortfoodthatdefinesChinesefoodforNi.1．Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?A．StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.B．Explorationoffamousrestaurants.C．HistoryofChineseimmigration.D．Cuisineofdifferentcountries.2．Whydoesthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants’lives?A．Itprovidesawealthylife.B．Ithelpsthemtoacceptnewcultures.C．Itbringsasenseofbelonging.D．Itenablesthemtoforgetthepast.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?A．SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) B．Shemademostmealsasachild.C．Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D．Sheliveswithabigfamily.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTalesB．HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTableC．ImmigrantsSeektheirFortuneintheU．S.D．CuisineGainsNewVariations【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了家常菜在移民的生活中的核心作用、特點(diǎn)和一位著名的家庭廚師，說(shuō)明家常菜給餐桌帶來(lái)更多樂(lè)趣。1．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.(它講述了著名廚師的故事，如閻馬丁和家庭廚師，他們的食物代表了中國(guó)18種不同的地方烹飪風(fēng)格。)”可知，新博物館的展覽主要是關(guān)于中國(guó)食物和廚師的故事。故選A。2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.(當(dāng)你來(lái)到一個(gè)新的國(guó)家，廚房本身就是一種安慰。)”和第二句“That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast(那是你把它作為你的大本營(yíng)的地方，你烹飪的東西都是你從過(guò)去的記憶中得來(lái)的)”可知，廚房在許多移民的生活中起著關(guān)鍵作用是因?yàn)樗鼛?lái)一種歸屬感。故選C。3．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.(她從父親那里學(xué)到了一些技巧，父親在她小時(shí)候做了家里的大部分飯菜。)”可知，她向她父親學(xué)習(xí)了烹飪。故選C。4．B　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.(這就是為什么館長(zhǎng)們說(shuō)，如果你想在美國(guó)品嘗全方位的中國(guó)菜，你需要超越餐館，進(jìn)入家庭廚房，而家庭廚房在許多移民的生活中起著核心作用。)”且文中介紹了家常菜在移民的生活中的核心作用和一位著名的家庭廚師可知，文章主要是講家常菜給餐桌帶來(lái)更多樂(lè)趣。故選B。B(2021·江西贛州市高三一模)UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker($399.99)Withitslongbatterylife,andincrediblesoundquality,thisiscurrentlymyfavoriteBluetoothspeaker.TheHYPERBOOMalsoboastsa24-hourbatterylife.Iusethisspeakerinplaceofahomestereo(立體聲音響)formusic.It’sloudenoughtofillalargeroomandmobileenoughtotakefromroomtoroom.Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andeven第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) powerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup!UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker($99)IlovethewaythisportableBluetoothspeakerlooksinourkitchen.Thesoundqualityisincredible.OnefunctionallowsyoutopairtwoUrbanistasinstereo,doublingthevolumecapabilityanddeliveringasurroundsound.Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.Thisisasmart,stylishBluetoothspeakerthat’lllookandsoundgreatonyourshelf.AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker($349)Withitseasysetupandincrediblesoundquality,thisisoneofthebestWi-Fi-enabledspeakersonthemarket.Ithasnearlyeverypossibleconnectionport,allowingyoutobroadcasttootherWi-Fienabledspeakersinyourhouse.NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker($1,690)ThisbeautifulWi-Ficonnectedsoundsystemisperfectformusic.Thestylishdesignwillfitneatlyinanylivingroomandfillthespacewithimpressivelyloudsound.Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasinglebutton.5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHYPERBOOM?A．Itresistsoilandwater.B．Itcanbecontrolledbyanapp.C．Itneedschargingfrequently.D．It’snotsuitableforalargeroom.6．WhatislessthansatisfactoryaboutUrbanistaspeaker?A．It’simmovable.　B．Itbreakseasily.C．It’snoteasytouse.　D．It’snotloudenough.7．Whichisawisechoiceifyouoftenlistentointernetradio?A．UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker.B．UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker.C．AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker.D．NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四款音箱的一些基本信息。5．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andevenpowerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup！(這款應(yīng)用可以讓你切換音源，調(diào)整音量，甚至不用起身就可以打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉音箱！)”可知，HYPERBOOM音箱可以通過(guò)app操作。故選B。6．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.(不幸的是，每次以立體聲方式使用揚(yáng)聲器時(shí)，都必須一起修理?yè)P(yáng)聲器。)”可知，Urbanista令人不太滿(mǎn)意之處是使用不便。故選C。7．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasingle第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) button.(一個(gè)獨(dú)特的功能是，你可以設(shè)置你最喜歡的網(wǎng)絡(luò)電臺(tái)，然后用一個(gè)按鈕打開(kāi)它。)”可知，如果你經(jīng)常聽(tīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電臺(tái)，你可以選擇NaimMu-so2無(wú)線(xiàn)音箱。故選D。C(2021·江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下期新高考模擬二)Mobilitychallenges？HelpisathandExperiencingdiminished(減弱的)mobilitycanbeextremelydifficult.Whenpeopletalkaboutit,alotofthefocusisonthephysicalconsequences,butcopingwithitsemotionalimpact-thelossoffreedom,theknocktoyourconfidenceandthefeelingsoffrustrationarejustassignificantasthephysical.MobilityscootersTherearevariousresourcesandmobilityaidsouttherethatcanhelp-wheelchair,mobilityscooterorwalkingaid,etc.Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.MakingtraveleasierItcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.Userscanunfoldthescooterinsecondsandit’spackedfullofbeneficialfeaturesthatwillimproveyourdaytodayjourneysandmaketravellingmoreaccessibleforyou.Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.Thecampaignendson11thFebruary2021．FormoreinformationabouteFOLDiLite,visithttp：//reservefold.com/？scooter＝exclusive.8．Whyarethepsychologicaleffectsofdiminishedmobilitymentionedatthebeginning?A．Tointroducethetopicofdiminishedmobility.B．ToprovidemoreknowledgeabouteFOLDiLite.C．Todrawpeople’sattentiontopsychologicalhealth.D．ToattractmorepotentialcustomersofeFOLDiLite.9．WhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofeFOLDiLite?A．Itcanbeunfoldedwithcertainhelp.B．Itcanridyouoftravelrestrictions.C．Itcanbechargedquicklyandeasily.D．Itismoresuitableforalongjourney.10．HowmuchwillyoupayatleastwhenorderingtheproductontheInternet?A．￡1,280．　B．￡600．C．￡2,480．　D．￡1,240．第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上最輕的一款可折疊移動(dòng)滑板車(chē)。8．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Mobilityscooters部分中的“Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.(如果你走路很吃力，但需要長(zhǎng)途旅行，機(jī)動(dòng)滑板車(chē)可能是一個(gè)更好的選擇。其中一個(gè)你應(yīng)該考慮的是eFOLDiLite滑板車(chē)，世界上最輕的可折疊移動(dòng)滑板車(chē)來(lái)自尚德)”可推知，一開(kāi)始就提到了行動(dòng)能力減弱的心理影響是為了吸引更多的eFOLDiLite滑板車(chē)的潛在客戶(hù)。故選D。9．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Makingtraveleasier部分中的“Itcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.(它可以很容易地在汽車(chē)或飛機(jī)上運(yùn)輸，所以你不必面對(duì)旅行限制，你可以享受更多的自由，因?yàn)樗浅１銛y，易于使用和超輕重量——只有15公斤——它是完美的旅行和移動(dòng)伴侶。)”可知，eFOLDiLite滑板車(chē)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它可以解除你的旅行限制。故選B。10．A　數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.(該活動(dòng)的預(yù)購(gòu)支持者可以在Kickstarter上預(yù)購(gòu)eFOLDiLite，預(yù)購(gòu)價(jià)格為1200英鎊，這是未來(lái)零售價(jià)的50%，外加80英鎊的運(yùn)費(fèi)。)”可知，在網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)產(chǎn)品時(shí)，你至少要付￡1200＋￡80＝￡1280。故選A。閱讀理解(二)　推理判斷類(lèi)A(2021·福建省廈門(mén)市高三畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Lifecontinuallyrequiresthatwewritedownafewwordsofthanks：forholidays,meals,presentsorpeople’splaceinourhearts.However,toooften,ourmessagesendupflatorsomewhatunconvincing.Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.Tosomeextent,whatdistinguishesgreatfromcommonartisthelevelofdetailwithwhichtheworldhasbeenstudied.Atalentedartistis,firstandforemost,someonewhotakesusintothespecificsofthereasonswhyanexperienceoraplacefeltvaluable.Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis“nice”，theyzero_in_ontheparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness：leavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds....Someofthereasonwhygreatartistsarerareisthatourmindsarenotwellsetuptounderstandwhywefeelaswedo.Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.Westandtorealisethatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas“delicious”；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust“nice”；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.Thedetailswill第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) bethere,waitingforustocatchthem.Wedon’thavetobegreatartiststosendeffectivethank-younotes.Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Weseldomexpressgratitudebywriting.B．Weusuallyfindmessagesofthankstouching.C．Weshouldtakeacourseformessagewriting.D．Wemaydrawinspirationforthank-yousfromarts.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“zeroinon”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Leaveout.　B．Clearup.C．Focuson.　D．Holdback.3．HowisParagraph3developed?A．Byclassification.　B．Byexample.C．Bydefinition.　D．Byprocess.4．Whichwouldtheauthorrecommendtoexpressgratitude?A．Iamblessedtohavesuchawonderfulweek.B．Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.C．Thankyousomuchforyourgreatpresent.D．ThisisthemostdeliciousdinnerI’veeverhad.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為在表達(dá)感謝時(shí)應(yīng)該找到并緊緊抓住兩三個(gè)非常詳細(xì)的理由。1．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.(為了使我們的信息更有效，我們可以從藝術(shù)史上吸取教訓(xùn))”可知，我們可以從藝術(shù)中得到寫(xiě)感謝信的靈感。故選D。2．C　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“l(fā)eavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds...(樹(shù)葉有新生兒的手的柔軟，溫暖的太陽(yáng)和刺骨的微風(fēng)的對(duì)比，小黑鳥(niǎo)輕柔的叫聲……)”可知，“theparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness(造成這種美好的特殊因素)”就是指樹(shù)葉有新生兒的手的柔軟，溫暖的太陽(yáng)和刺骨的微風(fēng)的對(duì)比，小黑鳥(niǎo)輕柔的叫聲等等，再根據(jù)最后一句中的“Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis’nice’(他們不僅僅告訴我們春天很好)”可知，此處是指他們不僅僅只說(shuō)春天很好，還專(zhuān)注在描寫(xiě)細(xì)節(jié)上，告訴我們因?yàn)槭裁创禾旌芎?。所以“zeroinon”意為“專(zhuān)注于”。故選C。3．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.(但我們可以相信，如果我們的思想受到了影響，那么受到影響的原因?qū)⒃谀硞€(gè)地方，等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”和第三段最后一句“Thedetailswillbethere,waitingforustocatchthem.(細(xì)節(jié)會(huì)在那里，等著我們抓住它們。)”可知，第二句和最后一句前后呼應(yīng)，第三句和第四句“Westandtorealise第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) thatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas’delicious’；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust’nice’；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.(我們會(huì)意識(shí)到，食物并不是那么美味；但土豆特別有迷迭香和大蒜的香味。朋友不僅僅是“好”的；當(dāng)我們?cè)馐芸嚯y時(shí)，他們帶著一種非常敏感和慷慨的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)我們?cè)趺礃印?”是在對(duì)此舉例。由此可知，第三段是通過(guò)舉例來(lái)論證觀(guān)點(diǎn)。故選B。4．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.(我們只需要找到并緊緊抓住兩三個(gè)非常詳細(xì)的理由來(lái)表達(dá)我們的感激之情。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為在表達(dá)感謝時(shí)應(yīng)該找到并緊緊抓住兩三個(gè)非常詳細(xì)的理由，所以選項(xiàng)B.Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.(你的關(guān)懷和溫暖的微笑照亮了我的一天。)屬于這種詳細(xì)的理由，作者會(huì)推薦選項(xiàng)B。故選B。B(2021·寧夏石嘴山市高考二模)AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimalsFromNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorMillieMarottacomesthisgorgeouscelebrationoftheanimalkingdom.Highlighting43endangeredspecies,thebooktakesreadersonatriparoundtheworldwhilelearningaboutrareandwell-knownanimalsandtheirhabitats.MarcovaldoMarcovaldoisacollectionof20shortstorieswrittenbyItaloCalvino.DescribingthelifeofapoorruralmanlivinginnorthernItaly,thestoriesunfoldaccordingtotheseasonalcycleofayear.Commonthemesinthestoriesincludepollution,failureandpoverty.TheArtofMondoOvertheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.TheComingoftheThirdReichThereisnostoryin20th-centuryhistorymoreimportanttounderstandthanHitler’srisetopowerandthecollapse(坍塌)ofcivilizationinNaziGermany.TheComingoftheThirdReich,byRichardEvans,offersamasterfulcombinationofacademicwork,importantnewresearchandinterpretations.PatriarchyandCapitalismChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.5．Whichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinart?A．Marcovaldo.　B．TheArtofMondo.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．TheComingoftheThirdReich　D．PatriarchyandCapitalism.6．Whocaresaboutwomen’srightsandinterests?A．MillieMarotta.　B．ItaloCalvino.C．RichardEvans.　D．ChizukoUeno.7．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tointroduceartforms.B．Torememberfivewriters.C．Torecommendqualitybooks.D．Tocomparedifferentcultures.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了五本值得閱讀的書(shū)籍，并分別介紹了每本書(shū)的大概內(nèi)容。5．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheArtofMondo”部分內(nèi)容“Overtheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.(多年來(lái)，Mondo以其令人難以置信的藝術(shù)海報(bào)獲得了全球的認(rèn)可，這些海報(bào)把經(jīng)典電影、電視劇以及《侏羅紀(jì)公園》等漫畫(huà)表現(xiàn)得栩栩如生。TheArtofMondo首次將這一備受追捧的藝術(shù)匯集在一本書(shū)中，展示了工作室藝術(shù)家們難以置信的創(chuàng)造力，他們的風(fēng)格迥異，但卻被一個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則所統(tǒng)一：對(duì)主題的無(wú)限熱情)”可知，“TheArtofMondo”這本書(shū)中把Mondo所創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)海報(bào)匯集起來(lái)，展示了工作室藝術(shù)家們難以置信的創(chuàng)造力，也就是說(shuō)，這本書(shū)與藝術(shù)相關(guān)。由此可推斷出，如果你對(duì)藝術(shù)感興趣，你可以選“TheArtofMondo”。故選B。6．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PatriarchyandCapitalism”部分內(nèi)容“ChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.(上野千鶴子是日本著名的社會(huì)學(xué)家、女權(quán)主義批評(píng)家和公共知識(shí)分子，是女性研究的先驅(qū)，著有《父權(quán)制與資本主義》等多部著作)”可知，“PatriarchyandCapitalism”這本書(shū)的作者ChizukoUeno是日本著名的女權(quán)主義批評(píng)家，是女性研究的先驅(qū)。由此可知，關(guān)心婦女權(quán)益的人是“PatriarchyandCapitalism”的作者ChizukoUeno。故選D。7．C　寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了五本值得閱讀的書(shū)籍，分別是AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimals,Marcovaldo,TheArtofMondo,TheComingoftheThirdReich和PatriarchyandCapitalism，并分別介紹了每本書(shū)的大概內(nèi)容。由此可推斷出，這篇文章的主要目的是推薦優(yōu)質(zhì)的書(shū)籍。故選C。C(2021·江西九校高三一模)第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) Inthismostunusualyear,thegiftofgivingwillfeelespeciallygood.Thesetipscanhelpmaketheseasonmerryandbrightforeveryone.What’sDifferentThisYearHotTicketItemsMayBeExtraHot：Somecompanieshavescaledbacktheirholidayorderingthisyeartotriminventory,sopopularproductsmightselloutfast—instoresandonline.Soifyouseeagoodpriceforanitemonyourlist,besuretograbit.AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.OnlineSalesWillStartEarlyThisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.Toavoidparkinglotchaos,trytopickupyourpurchasesfirstthinginthemorningorlaterintheevening,whenwaittimesshouldbeshorter.OutletsAreOnlineTooIfoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.Shoppremiumoutlets.comisthevirtualversionofthecountry’slargestoutletcompany.Insomeways,it’sevenbetterthananin-persontripbecauseyoucanshopbyitemorcategoryandimmediatelyseewhatdifferentretailershaveinstock,ratherthangoingstoretostore.WhentoShopNotonThanksgiving：Manystoresthatopenedtheirdoorsontheholidaylastyearhaveannouncedthattheywillbeclosedthisyear.Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清倉(cāng))．Thedownsides：Theymightnotbearoundifyouneedtoreturnsomethingoruseagiftcard.Inotherwords：Bankruptcybuyersbeware.8．Whichisthebesttimetosendgifts?A．October30．　B．December9．C．December15．　D．December24．9．Whatcanwelearnaboutholidayshoppingthisyear?A．Shopperscanonlybuyitemsonline.B．ShoppingonThanksgivingisthebestchoice.C．Popularproductsmightselloutfastonlyinstores.D．ShoppersmayseeagoodpriceforanitemrightafterHalloween.10．Whowillbemostinterestedinthispassage?A．Peoplewhoaremoney-less.B．Peoplewholikeshoppingathome.C．Peoplewhoareretailers.D．Peoplewhoarefondofbargains.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要是給購(gòu)物者購(gòu)買(mǎi)禮品的一些建議。8．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章What’sDifferentThisYear中的“AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.(至少在圣誕前夜的兩周前把禮物寄出去。)”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 并根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，圣誕節(jié)前夜是12月24日，所以選項(xiàng)B的12月9日時(shí)間最為接近。故選B。9．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章OnlineSalesWillStartEarly中的“Thisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.(今年可能更像網(wǎng)絡(luò)季，網(wǎng)上促銷(xiāo)和促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)后馬上開(kāi)始。出于對(duì)人群的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，零售商可能會(huì)節(jié)省大量庫(kù)存用于網(wǎng)上銷(xiāo)售。)”可知，萬(wàn)圣節(jié)過(guò)后，購(gòu)物者就能看到商品的好價(jià)錢(qián)。故選D。10．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章OutletsAreOnlineToo中的“Ifoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.(如果你的假日購(gòu)物習(xí)慣之一是去商店購(gòu)物，你仍然可以在家里體驗(yàn)到買(mǎi)便宜貨的刺激。)”和WhentoShop中的“Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清倉(cāng))．(對(duì)購(gòu)物者來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)好處是隨著一些商店清算，價(jià)格會(huì)降到最低。)”可推斷，喜歡便宜貨的人將對(duì)本文感興趣。故選D。閱讀理解(三)　詞句猜測(cè)類(lèi)A(2021·四川省南充市高三下學(xué)期第三次適應(yīng)性考試)Facialrecognitiontechnologyisalreadywidelyusedbygovernmentsandsomeadvertisingcompanies.Thetechnologyusesmachinelearningtoolstosearchforfacesinanattempttoidentifypeople.Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.“Forspecieslikechimpanzees,whichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingsnapshotsoftheirbehaviorfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch，”Schofieldsaid.Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.Butdoingthiswouldhaverequiredsearchingthroughhundredsofhoursofvideorecordingsofchimpanzeesinthewild.TheresearchersrecordedtheactivitiesofagroupofchimpanzeesthatlivedintheWestAfricannationofGuinea.Afacialrecognitioncomputermodelwastrainedusingmorethan10millionimagesoftheanimals.Themodelwasthenusedtosearch,recognizeandtrackindividualchimpanzees.Thesystemwasabletoidentifyindividualchimpanzeescorrectlyabout92percentofthetime.Itsuccessfullyidentifiedtheanimals’sex96percentofthetime.Thestudyincludedanexperimentwithhumanstoseehowtheycouldperformagainstthemachinelearningsysteminmakingidentifications.Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.Theresearcherssaytheyarepermittingotherscientiststousethesystemforsimilar第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) projects.Theyhopethemethodwillbeusedwithotherspeciestorecordanimalbehaviorandmonitordifferentanimalpopulationsintheenvironment.1．WhatcanweinferfromSchofield’swords?A．Researchingchimpanzeesneedsmoreinformation.B．Chimpanzeescanliveaslongashumans.C．Chimpanzeesliketogetsnapshotstoo.D．Short-termfieldresearchprovidesmoreinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A．Recordingthechimpanzeesinthewild.B．Studyingchimpanzeesoverseveralyears.C．Understandingthelivesofthechimpanzeescompletely.D．Gettingsnapshotsofchimpanzees’behavior.3．Whatdidtheexperimentwithhumansproveinthestudy?A．Humansmakemoreaccurateidentifications.B．Themachinelearningsystemismoreeffective.C．Humanscan’tidentifytheanimals’sexcorrectly.D．Machinelearningtoolstakealittlemoretimeinidentification.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FacialrecognitionforanimalsisbecomingpopularB．FacialrecognitionishelpinganimalsliveinthewildC．FacialrecognitionplaysaroleinraisinganimalsD．Facialrecognitionisusedtoidentifyandfollowanimals【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹面部識(shí)別技術(shù)，它用來(lái)識(shí)別和跟蹤動(dòng)物。1．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.(丹·斯科菲爾德說(shuō)，開(kāi)發(fā)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是為了提高長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)收集到的野生黑猩猩信息的質(zhì)量。)”從Schofield的話(huà)里可推知，研究黑猩猩需要更多的信息。故選A。2．C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.(研究人員希望通過(guò)幾代人的研究來(lái)更全面地了解黑猩猩的生活。)”由此推知，下句中的this指代的是“完全了解黑猩猩的生活?！惫蔬xC。3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.(人類(lèi)識(shí)別黑猩猩個(gè)體的正確率約為42%。機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工具完成實(shí)驗(yàn)的速度要快得多。人類(lèi)專(zhuān)家花了55分鐘，而計(jì)算機(jī)只花了幾秒鐘。)”由此可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)更有效。故選B。第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 4．D　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第二段“Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．(在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們宣布他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工具來(lái)追蹤野生黑猩猩個(gè)體的面部。)”由此可知，“面部識(shí)別被用來(lái)識(shí)別和跟蹤動(dòng)物的”為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2021·貴州省貴陽(yáng)市高三下學(xué)期適應(yīng)性考試(二))Theminimalistlifestyleneedstobeconsideredonlyafterweownmorethanweneed.Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.Inaddition,thefast-pacedlifewehavetodaymakesusbusierthanever.Therefore,Ithinkaminimalistlifestyleisnecessarytohelppeopleeasetheirburdenandfocusonthebestpartoflife.AlthoughI’mnotastrictpractitionerofminimalism,Idobenefitalotfromasimplerlife.WhenIgotemployedin2018,Iwastedmysalariesonlotsofclothes,shoes,cosmetics,booksandfoodtoenrichmylife.However,pilesofthingsmademyroommessyandalotofstuffthingshadtobethrownawayunused.Aboutoneyearago,IlaidmyhandsonabooknamedDanshari,whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.AnotherbadhabitIhaveworkedhardtochangeisspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphoneandiPadasameanstofreemyselffromtheworkstress.Alotofmyvaluabletimewaswastedonvarioustime-killingappswhichdidn’tdomuchgoodtomyself-improvement.Adoptingasimplelifecanbeabitchallengingandneedsconstanteffort.HerearesometipsIfindhelpful.First,concentrateonthingsthatarereallyimportantandmeaningful.Second,accesstoinformationshouldbesimpleandwell-targeted；readingbooksisagoodalternativetomeaninglesssocialinteractionandtime-killingapps.Third,purchasefewergoodswithbetterqualityandtidyupyourroomregularly.Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(樸素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph3?A．Recommended.　B．Remembered.C．Wrote.　D．Read.6．Whatdoesaminimalistlifestylemean?A．Buyingalotofthingswelike.B．Concentratingourselvesonthejobs.C．Formingahabitofsimplelife.D．Spendingmoretimeusingapps.7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WealthIsLess　B．MessIsSimple第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．MoreIsHappiness　D．LessIsMore【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章提出了極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式，作者以自己的情況為例，說(shuō)明越多的物質(zhì)財(cái)富就給人越重的負(fù)擔(dān)，更少的物質(zhì)追求，會(huì)讓精神和思想更加富足。5．D　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞下一句“whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.(這本書(shū)鼓勵(lì)人們減少或扔掉不必要的東西。)”以及下文“Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.(按照指示，我開(kāi)始改變我的生活方式，并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)更少的物質(zhì)讓我的生活更好。)”可知作者是“閱讀”了這本書(shū)才有了感悟，所以短語(yǔ)laidmyhandson的意思是“閱讀”，故選D。6．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(樸素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.(極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式并不等于樸素。這是我們?yōu)榱撕?jiǎn)化生活而養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。)”可知極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式是養(yǎng)成簡(jiǎn)單生活的習(xí)慣，故選C。7．D　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.(如今，社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展帶來(lái)了大量的財(cái)富和物質(zhì)財(cái)富，這已經(jīng)成為許多人的負(fù)擔(dān)。)”可知，越多的物質(zhì)財(cái)富就給人越重的負(fù)擔(dān)，作者在文章中以自己情況為例來(lái)說(shuō)明了這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，結(jié)合最后一段“Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(樸素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.(極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式并不等于簡(jiǎn)樸。這是我們?yōu)榱撕?jiǎn)化生活而養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。物質(zhì)和精神上的欲望減少了，就會(huì)有更多的空間來(lái)自我完善、幸福和內(nèi)心的滿(mǎn)足。)”可知更少的物質(zhì)追求，會(huì)讓精神和思想更加富足，所以文章主要想表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是“少即是多”，因此D項(xiàng)“LessIsMore”符合文章主旨，適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。C(2021·新疆高三一模)OntheFather’sDaybeforemyfatherenteredanursinghome,IgavehimanElmodoll.LikethecoloredpencilsandsketchbookIboughthimayearearlier,thiswasadesperateattempttobringsomejoytomyincreasinglybedriddenfather.Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.AtthesightofElmo,mythreeeldersistersshooktheirheads,certainthatourfatherwhowasanythingbutchildishwouldnotlikeit.Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.“Whatonearthisthis？”shoutedmysisters,burstingintolaughter.“DaddyknowswhyIgivehimthis，”Isaid,thinkingthattheyhadnoideawhatElmomeanttomyfather.Tomydisappointment,myfathershrugged.Howcouldhenotremember？Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchenandheardsomethingrarefromthelivingroom：laughter.IrandownstairsandsawthatElmowasonthePBScookingshow“TheFrugalGourmet”．“Idon’t第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) knowwhatitisabouthimthatgetstome，”myfatherchokedoutbetweenlaughterandtears.“He’sjustsofunny！”Asmyfatherlayinthenursinghome,Iwouldvisithimintheevenings.Wewatchedoldmovieswiththelightsoff.Eventhoughheneveraskedforit,IbroughtElmofromhomeandputhimwheremyfathercouldseehim.Beforeleaving,IwouldtakeElmofromthedresserandplacehiminmyfather’simmobilearm.Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlookedsofter.8．What’stheproblemwiththeauthor’sfather?A．Helosttheabilitytofeeljoy.B．Hebecamechildishafterthestroke.C．Hewasdisappointedwithhischildren.D．Hewasboundtostayinbedduetoanillness.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concealed”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Hid.　B．Showed.C．Explained.　D．Expressed.10．WhydidtheauthorgivehisfatheranElmodoll?A．Hisfatheraskedforone.　B．AnElmodollonceamusedhisfather.C．Nothingbutadollmadehisfathersmile.　D．Hisfathermentionedoneonthecookingshow.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Thetroubleastrokecancause.B．Thedifficultytomakeafatherhappy.C．Howasimplegiftbringsjoytoafather.D．Howtochooseapropertoyforoldpeople.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是記敘文，記述了作者為病床上的父親精心挑選小禮物，給他帶去陪伴與快樂(lè)的事情。8．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一自然段中“Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.(幾年前，我父親患了中風(fēng)，他只能在床上度過(guò)了余生。)”可知父親因病臥床不起。故選D。9．A　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二自然段中“Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.(果然，我的父親，76歲，突然露出了那種不愉快的微笑，難掩他的不滿(mǎn)。)”父親看到禮物后的反應(yīng)unpleasantsmile可知他不喜歡，因此后面定語(yǔ)從句中“無(wú)法掩飾他的不滿(mǎn)”。故選A。10．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四自然段中“Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchen…’He’sjustsofunny！’”這一情節(jié)可知，anElmodoll曾經(jīng)讓父親開(kāi)懷大笑，我希望anElmodoll現(xiàn)在也能給他帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。故選B。11．C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第末段中“Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlooked第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) softer.”(他的臉上會(huì)露出一絲微笑。它看上去從來(lái)沒(méi)有這么柔軟過(guò)。)可知我給父親的Elmodoll確實(shí)給他帶來(lái)了些許的快樂(lè)。這也是全文的主題：一個(gè)小小的，但用了心的禮物為父親帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。故選C。閱讀理解(四)　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度類(lèi)A(2021·河北石家莊市高三一模)Stayinguplatedoinghomeworkisalwaystiring.Andperhapswhenwebecometired,wefeeltheneedtoeatunhealthysnackfood.Recentlyscientistshavebeeninvestigatingtirednessandsnackfood.AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.Forthestudy,researchersfromUniversityofCologneinGermanygavethesamedinnerto32healthymenagedbetween19and33．Halfofthemenwerethensenthometobed,andtheotherhalfwerekeptawakeinthelaboratoryallnight.Thenextmorning,theparticipantswereaskedtoconsiderhowmuchtheywouldbewillingtopayforsnackfooditemsshowntotheminpictures.Accordingtotheresearchers,allweresimilarlyhungryinthemorning,andhadsimilarlevelsofmosthormones(荷爾蒙)andbloodsugar.However,brainscansshowedthatwhenthesleep-deprived(缺少睡眠的)participantslookedatthepicturesofjunkfood,theyreleasedmoreofthe“hungerhormone”．Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.Askedabouthowmuchtheywouldpayforsnacks,“Participantswithsleepdeprivationweremorewillingtooverspendonfooditemsthanthosewithagoodnight’ssleep，”researcherstoldScienceDaily.Researchersalsoobservedthatamongthepeoplewhohadn’tslept,therewasgreateractivityinthepartofthebrainwherefoodrewardsareprocessed.Thescientiststhinkthatsleep-deprivedpeopleexperiencechangestothehungerhormoneandthebrain’srewardsystemthatthenleadstoastrongerdesiretoeatsnackswithhighfatandcalories.“Thisbringsusalittleclosertounderstandingthemechanism(機(jī)制)behindhowsleepdeprivationchangesfoodvaluation，”P(pán)rofessorJanPeters,aco-authorofthestudyfromtheUniversityofCologne,toldTheIndependent.Sometipsonthis：*Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.*Dosomeslightexerciseforashorttimewhenyou’retired.*Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.*Distanceyourselffromsnacks.1．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Lesssleepleadstomoresnacks.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) B．Stayinguplatedoesharmtohealth.C．Tirednessisthecauseoflesssleep.D．Weneednosnackswhenwesleep.2．Whatmakespeopleeatmorejunkfoodaccordingtothestudy?A．Bloodsugar.　B．Fooditems.C．Thehungerhormone.　D．Fatandcalories.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplewholacksleepusuallyspendlessonfooditems.B．Listeningtosoftmusichelpspeoplefeelrelaxed.C．Exerciseasmuchasyoucanwhenyouaretired.D．Peoplewhosleepwellcangetfoodrewards.4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardssnacks?A．Positive.　B．Indifferent.C．Negative.　D．Neutral.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。德國(guó)科隆大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，晚上熬夜的人更容易吃快餐，這對(duì)健康沒(méi)有好處。1．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和第二段“AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.(根據(jù)《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究，人們?cè)谒卟蛔銜r(shí)更有可能吃零食。)”可知，晚上熬夜會(huì)造成疲勞，而疲勞又會(huì)使人更容易吃快餐。故選A。2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段最后一句“Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.(這種激素會(huì)增加食欲，讓我們吃得更多。)”可知，是身體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙使人產(chǎn)生多吃快餐的欲望。故選C。3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Sometipsonthis部分的“Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.(聽(tīng)些輕音樂(lè)來(lái)緩解疲勞。)”可知，聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)有助于緩解疲勞。故選B。4．C　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文中Sometipsonthis部分的“Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.(吃酸奶或者水果來(lái)代替那些高脂肪和熱量的零食。)”和“Distanceyourselffromsnacks.(讓你自己遠(yuǎn)離零食。)”可推知，作者不贊同人們吃零食。故選C。B(2021·江蘇省揚(yáng)州市高三考前調(diào)研測(cè)試)Fishtongues,harvestedbychildrenCod(鱈魚(yú))tongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintofsaltiness.Itisnature’sgift,saysJanErik,vice-presidentoftheNorwegianfishermen’sassociation.LivEva,a35-year-oldwhoworksforaresearchinstitute,saysthatwhenshewasagirl,menandboysdominatedthecod-tongue-cuttingtradeonLofoten,aNorwegianisland.Thisyear,she第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) washappytoseeagrandmotherandgranddaughtersellingtongues.Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskj?ringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheaded(去頭的)fishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.Noteveryonegetsinvolved.Thosewithambitionskeeptheirdistance；tongue-cuttingissomethingofafisherman’sroughlife.AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.“Childlabor！”theycried.Thegovernmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.Abiggerthreattotheindustryisthatstocksarelow.FromApril27th,2021NorwegiancodcaughtincoastalwaterswillloseitssustainabilityratingfromtheMarineConservationCouncil,aglobalfishwatchdog.5．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tobringupthetopic.B．Toputforwardanargument.C．Tosetoffaconflict.D．Tobringforwardasuggestion.6．Theunderlinedphrase“theartoftungeskj?ring”refersto________.A．thetastingofcodtongue　B．thecuttingofcodtongueC．thecookingofcodtongue　D．thedrawingofcodtongue7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphfocuson?A．Thetraditionsofthecodtongueindustry.B．Theadvantagesofthecodtongueindustry.C．Theproblemswiththecodtongueindustry.D．Thechangesofthecodtongueindustry.8．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetowardsthechildren’sharvestingcodtongue?A．Supportive.　B．Ignorant.C．Respectful.　D．Disapproving.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了挪威的一種行業(yè)——加工鱈魚(yú)舌。5．A　推理判斷題，通過(guò)文章第一段“CodtongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintof第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) saltiness.(鱈魚(yú)舌在挪威和其他地方都很有名。每年有80噸的魚(yú)從挪威北部海域捕撈上來(lái)。鱈魚(yú)舌的味道比魚(yú)肉更柔軟，在口中融化有一絲咸味。)”可知，本段講到挪威美食鱈魚(yú)舌的烹飪方法、入口即化的口感、每年的暢銷(xiāo)量等。這一切信息都是要引出本文后續(xù)的話(huà)題：挪威鱈魚(yú)舌這道美食的加工行業(yè)的相關(guān)傳統(tǒng)和當(dāng)代所要面臨的危機(jī)。故選A。6．B　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)句下文“hashardlychangedoverthecenturies(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，幾乎沒(méi)有改變)”以及“Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheadedfishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.(把已經(jīng)被砍頭的魚(yú)的舌頭割下來(lái)這種精細(xì)的工作主要是留給兒童的。這種做法為未來(lái)的漁民提供了一種職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備，而且回報(bào)豐厚。這些舌頭很值錢(qián)，所以一小時(shí)的工作可以賺到1200克朗(143美元)；對(duì)于六歲的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)還不錯(cuò)。LivEva說(shuō)，在羅浮登和其他北部地區(qū)，人們的態(tài)度是謙虛的，所以把錢(qián)花在浪費(fèi)的東西上是不會(huì)被接受的。年輕人傾向于存錢(qián)買(mǎi)漁船、買(mǎi)車(chē)或買(mǎi)房。)”可知，本段講的這個(gè)挪威鱈魚(yú)割舌行業(yè)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)沒(méi)什么變化，劃線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)所在的句子為第三段的主題句，可推知，劃線(xiàn)的部分的挪威語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是割鱈魚(yú)舌的意思。故選B。7．A　推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第三句首句“Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskj?ringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.(然而，在其他方面，數(shù)百年來(lái)割鱈魚(yú)舌的工作幾乎沒(méi)有改變。)”可知，挪威鱈魚(yú)割舌行業(yè)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)幾乎沒(méi)有什么變化。通過(guò)下文“Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheadedfishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.(把已經(jīng)被砍頭的魚(yú)的舌頭割下來(lái)這種精細(xì)的工作主要是留給兒童的。這種做法為未來(lái)的漁民提供了一種職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備，而且回報(bào)豐厚。這些舌頭很值錢(qián)，所以一小時(shí)的工作可以賺到1200克朗(143美元)；對(duì)于六歲的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)還不錯(cuò)。)”可推知，割鱈魚(yú)舌工作傭金比較高，還可以雇傭孩子，給他們掙錢(qián)的機(jī)會(huì)；而且，鱈魚(yú)割舌工作被認(rèn)為是成為漁民之前的實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，是孩子長(zhǎng)大后成為漁民的重要經(jīng)歷。綜合以上內(nèi)容，第三段基本在介紹挪威鱈魚(yú)割舌行業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)。故選A。8．C　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.’Childlabor！’theycried.Thegovernmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.(而挪威公民對(duì)最近一部紀(jì)錄片感到不安，該紀(jì)錄片顯示，孩子們穿著血跡斑斑的工作服上班。“童工！”他們喊道。政府調(diào)查了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并選擇尊重他們的文化和傳統(tǒng)。)”可推知，挪威鱈魚(yú)割舌行業(yè)雇傭童工的現(xiàn)象曝光后，政府介入調(diào)查，但出于對(duì)這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)和文化的尊重，政府沒(méi)有追究和懲罰其非法性，他們對(duì)兒童捕撈鱈魚(yú)舌的態(tài)度是尊重。故選C。C第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) (2021·山西省陽(yáng)泉市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)三模)Inthe17thcentury,theNetherlandsexperiencedaperiodofartisticprosperityknownastheDutchGoldenAge.Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer(約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾)．Knownasthe“MonaLisaoftheNorth，”thispaintingrepresentsthebestofDutchart.ThoughGirlWithaPearlEarringiscoveredinmystery,ithasbecomeoneofarthistory’smostbelovedpaintings.Specializingingenrepainting—atypeofartthatemploysscenesofeverydaylifeasitssubject—DutchartistJohannesVermeerisfamousforhisdepictions(描繪)ofcontemporaryDelft,acityinHollandwheretheartistwasborn,lived,anddied.Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.However,itdidnotattaininternationalfameatitstimeofcompletion.Thatcameaboutattheendofthe20thcentury,whenitwasfeaturedinaspecialexhibitionattheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D．C.GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.Inadditiontoanelegantblueandyellowturban(女用頭巾),shewearsalarge,tear-shapedpearlearring.Onthesurface,thisdepictionsseemstohavetheclassiccharacteristicsofaportrait,butitisactuallyknownasatronie(十七世紀(jì)荷蘭的一種風(fēng)俗肖像畫(huà))anddoesnotrefertoaspecificpersonorplace.Today,GirlwithaPearlEarringremainsoneofthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.“WhenyouthinkabouttheMonaLisa,sheisalsolookingatus,butsheisn’tengaging—sheissittingbackinthepainting,self-contained，”TracyChevalier,theauthoroftheNewYorkTimesbestsellinghistoricalnovel,GirlwithaPearlEarring,pointsout.“WhereasGirlwithaPearlEarringisrightthere—thereisnothingbetweenherandus.Shehasthismagicalqualityofbeingremarkablyopenandyetmysteriousatthesametime—andthatiswhatmakeshersoappealing.”9．WhatcanwelearnaboutVermeerfromthetext?第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) A．Vermeerattainedinternationalfameexactlyin1665．B．VermeerlearnedalotfromthepaintingMonaLisa.C．Vermeershowedhisworksattheendofthe20thcentury.D．VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665．10．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．Indifferent.　B．Ambiguous.C．Objective.　D．Conservative.11．WhycouldJohannesVermeercreatethefamouspaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．HefoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques.B．Hestudiedtheadvancedpaintingtechniquesinhischildhood.C．Hewasreallyfamousforthevividdepictionsofhishometown.D．Hehadanefficientcommunicationwiththepeopleinhishometown.12．Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Basicbackground.　B．Subjectmatter.C．Magicalquality.　D．Paintingtechniques.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾的名作《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》的相關(guān)情況。9．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.(Vermeer在1665年左右畫(huà)了《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》，這是維米爾最著名的藝術(shù)作品。)”因此，從這篇文章里我們可以了解到，維米爾在1665年左右畫(huà)了《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》。故選D。10．C　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer.(這個(gè)時(shí)代，開(kāi)明的藝術(shù)家們從北方文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的繪畫(huà)技巧中獲得靈感，創(chuàng)作出了像約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾的名作《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》。)”再結(jié)合第三段“Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.(具體來(lái)說(shuō)，他以描繪家庭內(nèi)部和女性肖像而聞名，比如《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》中的人物。)”以及第五段“GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.(《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》展示了一個(gè)年輕女子坐在黑暗的背景前。這一鮮明而淺薄的背景與人物的米色皮膚和半水晶般的眼睛形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，眼睛緊盯著觀(guān)看者。)”等對(duì)這幅畫(huà)的描述可以看出是客觀(guān)的，不帶有任何個(gè)人感情色彩，因此最能描述作者對(duì)《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》的態(tài)度的詞是客觀(guān)的，故選C。第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 11．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer.(這個(gè)時(shí)代，開(kāi)明的藝術(shù)家們從北方文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的繪畫(huà)技巧中獲得靈感，創(chuàng)作出了像約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾的名作《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》。)”因此可以看出，約翰內(nèi)斯·弗米爾能創(chuàng)造出著名繪畫(huà)《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》的原因是他從北方文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的繪畫(huà)技巧中得到靈感。故選A。12．B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.(《戴珍珠耳環(huán)的女孩》展示了一個(gè)年輕女子坐在黑暗的背景前。這一鮮明而淺薄的背景與人物的米色皮膚和半水晶般的眼睛形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，眼睛緊盯著觀(guān)看者。)”等對(duì)這幅畫(huà)的描述可以看出第五段主要講的是這幅畫(huà)的主要內(nèi)容，也就是主題，故選B。閱讀理解(五)　寫(xiě)作意圖類(lèi)A(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.BlackCanyon(峽谷)ofGunnisonNationalParkThisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.Visitorsareofferedmorethan100campingsites,andalotofbirdspeciesandmanyanimalsarenativetothearea.RockyMountainNationalParkItistheonlynationalparkinthenorthcentralregioninthestateofColorado.Elevationsinthisparkareanywherefrom8,000feetto14,259feetatthetopofLongsPeak.WhiletravelingthroughoutthisparkyouwillnoticetwoverydifferentclimatesbecauseofthedifferencetheupperpeaksoftheRockyMountainsmake.Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.MesaVerdeNationalParkThisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.Thisparkwasdeclaredaprotectednationalparkin1906becauseofthecliffdwellings(住所)thatwerefoundthroughoutthearea,whichwereoncehometoAmericanIndians.Manyofthesedwellingscanbewalkedthrough,whileyouimaginewhateachroommayhavebeenusedforsomanyyearsago.GreatSandDunes(沙丘)NationalParkTheGreatSanddunesNationalParkliesinsouthcentralColorado,about127milesfromPueblo.ThisparkhasthetallestsanddunesinallofNorthAmericaandhastrailsforhiking.Thenaturalsandybeachesaroundthesmallriversandlakesaregoodforswimmers.1．What’sthemostbreathtakingthingintheBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalPark?第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) A．Theanimals.　B．Thewalls.C．Therivers.　D．Thecampingsites.2．IntheRockyMountainNationalPark，touristsmayNOTbeableto________.A．gosightseeing　B．boatC．rideahorse　D．camp3．Ifyouareinterestedinhistory，youareadvisedtovisit________.A．theRockyMountainNationalParkB．theBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalParkC．theGreatSandDunesNationalParkD．theMesaVerdeNationalPark4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．PersuadingpeopletovisitColoradowhileinAmerica.B．ShowingpeoplewhichparkisthebestofthefourinColorado.C．IntroducingthebestfourparksinColoradotopeople.D．TellingpeoplesometravelinginformationinColorado.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文為應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)科羅拉多州四個(gè)最好的國(guó)家公園。1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BlackCanyon(峽谷)ofGunnisonNationalPark部分中的“Thisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.(這個(gè)公園提供了從山上到下面峽谷的最令人驚嘆的景色。在探索峽谷的過(guò)程中，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)墻壁幾乎直直地伸向下面蜿蜒的河流所形成的狹窄山谷。)”可知，在甘尼森國(guó)家公園的黑峽谷中，最令人驚嘆的是那些墻壁。故選B。2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RockyMountainNationalPark部分中的“Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.(你可以享受359英里的徒步旅行路線(xiàn)、很多露營(yíng)的地方、騎馬和美麗的風(fēng)景。)”可知，落基山國(guó)家公園沒(méi)有給游客提供劃船活動(dòng)。故選B。3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MesaVerdeNationalPark部分中的“Thisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.(這可能是最有趣的國(guó)家公園，該公園提供一次時(shí)間從公元600年到公元1300年的迷人旅程。)”可知，如果你對(duì)歷史有興趣，建議你參觀(guān)theMesaVerdeNationalPark。故選D。4．C　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段“TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.(在美國(guó)58個(gè)國(guó)家公園中，科羅拉多州有四個(gè)最好的公園。這些公園里有所有國(guó)家公園中最美的一些風(fēng)景。)”及對(duì)四個(gè)公園的具體介紹可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是向人們介紹科羅拉多州最好的四個(gè)公園。故選C。B(2021·廣西南寧市高三一模)第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) InrecentyearscomputerscientistshavecomeupwithseveraldifferentwaysofcreatingfalsevideosofpeopleusingArtificialIntelligence(AI)．Thesevideosareusuallycalled“deepfakes”．Somedeepfakesworkbyputtingthefaceofonepersonontoadifferentpersoninavideo.Othersworkbytakinganexistingvideoofapersonandchangingitsothatthepersonsaysordoessomethingtheydidn’tsayordo.Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.Onegroupofcomputerscientistscreatedaprogramthatallowedthemtoeditthewordscomingoutofsomeone’smouthinavideojustlikeyoumighteditadocumentonthecomputer.It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake?ManydeepfakesaresogoodthatonlyanotherAIsystemcantellthatthey’refake.ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.5．Whatcanbelearntaboutdeepfakes?A．Theyareallmadebyapps.B．Theyareimprovingrapidly.C．Theyaremainlyusedtojoke.D．They’lllosepopularitysoon.6．WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutdeepfakes?A．Theanxietiesraisedbythem.B．Theresultscausedbythem.C．Thewaysofmakingthem.D．Thedoubtsaboutthem.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopingAItoolstorecognizedeepfakes?A．Optimistic.　B．Supportive.C．Disapproving.　D．Uncertain.8．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TorecommendnewAItools.B．ToexplaintheimportanceofAI.C．Todescribeatechnologytrend.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) D．Tostresstechnologyrevolutions.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了近年來(lái)，科學(xué)家想出了幾種不同的方法來(lái)制作人工智能虛假視頻，這些視頻通常被稱(chēng)為“換臉”，許多人非常擔(dān)心這種技術(shù)可能會(huì)被濫用。5．B　推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.(起初，換臉很復(fù)雜。它需要特殊的知識(shí)，數(shù)百?gòu)埍粋卧煺叩恼掌?，以及大量的時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單多了。有網(wǎng)站和應(yīng)用程序，幾乎任何人都可以換臉。最近有一款應(yīng)用程序問(wèn)世，用戶(hù)可以將自己的臉?lè)诺街碾娪皥?chǎng)景中。這個(gè)過(guò)程大約需要8秒鐘，需要一張圖片，而且可以在手機(jī)上完成。)”可知，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，換臉很復(fù)雜，要花大量的時(shí)間，但最近推出了一款應(yīng)用程序，只需要8秒，用一張照片，就可以在手機(jī)上完成換臉，由這些可知，換臉發(fā)展非常迅速。故選B。6．A　主旨大意題。由第三段“It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake？(交換著名演員的面孔是一回事。但是，如果有人拿出一個(gè)政客的假視頻，比如說(shuō)，讓它看起來(lái)像他們觸犯了法律，會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題，就是要花多少時(shí)間才能弄清楚什么東西是假的。即使一段視頻被證明是假的，也可能為時(shí)已晚。數(shù)百萬(wàn)人可能已經(jīng)看到并相信了它。另一方面，如果一個(gè)視頻是真的，但是人們不相信它，因?yàn)樗麄儽桓嬷羌俚?，?huì)發(fā)生什么？)”可知，第三段主要談了換臉會(huì)帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題、引發(fā)的焦慮。故選A。7．D　推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.(專(zhuān)家們正在努力創(chuàng)造新的人工智能工具來(lái)識(shí)別偽造的視頻。許多人相信人們很快就能打敗換臉。然而，就個(gè)人而言，這是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)一直落后于換臉。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為識(shí)別偽造的人工智能工具這項(xiàng)技術(shù)一直落后于換臉，所以打敗換臉?lè)浅＞哂刑魬?zhàn)性，由此可知，作者對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)一種新的人工智能系統(tǒng)來(lái)識(shí)別換臉持不確定的態(tài)度。故選D。8．C　寫(xiě)作意圖題。第一段引出“換臉”話(huà)題，第二段講“換臉發(fā)展非常迅速”，第三段講“換臉會(huì)帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題、引發(fā)的焦慮”，最后一段講“作者對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)一種新的人工智能系統(tǒng)來(lái)識(shí)別換臉持不確定的態(tài)度”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) ，全文介紹的是人們利用人工智能進(jìn)行換臉，幾乎達(dá)到以假亂真的地步，由此推知，本文的目的是介紹一種技術(shù)時(shí)尚——換臉技術(shù)，故選C。C(2021·北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模)Fortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封鎖)．AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon’tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢復(fù)活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.9．Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A．a(chǎn)daptstochangesefficientlyB．balancessupplyanddemand第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．focusesonessentialitemsD．reducescostsofproduction10．Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A．weakness　B．diversityC．unfairness　D．complexity11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B．GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C．GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D．Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.12．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB．a(chǎn)dvocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC．discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD．provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇議論文。文章講述了，從理論上講，糧食系統(tǒng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)化降低了生產(chǎn)成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆發(fā)暴露了這種方法的問(wèn)題，文章通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)例的討論表明建立多樣化的地方食品體系勢(shì)在必行。9．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.(各國(guó)的生產(chǎn)商和加工者也進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)化，以盡量降低成本。)”可知，從理論上講，糧食系統(tǒng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)化降低了生產(chǎn)成本。故選D。10．A　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.(例如，僅三家肉類(lèi)加工廠(chǎng)就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和幾乎所有的牛肉出口。)”第三句“Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.(現(xiàn)在，由于工人中爆發(fā)了COVID-19病毒，這些肉類(lèi)加工廠(chǎng)不得不暫時(shí)關(guān)閉。)”和第六段第二句“Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢復(fù)活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.(我們需要振興地方和區(qū)域食品體系，以減少過(guò)于依賴(lài)進(jìn)口和企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的食品帶來(lái)的脆弱性。)”可知，此處是指由少數(shù)幾家公司主導(dǎo)的集中市場(chǎng)加劇了食品體系的脆弱性。所以fragility意為“脆弱”。故選A。11．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.(這些糧食的價(jià)格飆升，不僅是因?yàn)槲C(jī)期間對(duì)這些糧食的需求不斷上升，還因?yàn)榘ǘ砹_斯和越南在內(nèi)的一些國(guó)家，由于擔(dān)心把糧食出口到國(guó)外會(huì)導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格上漲，實(shí)施了出口限制。)”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 可知，少數(shù)國(guó)家限制糧食出口以穩(wěn)定當(dāng)?shù)厥称穬r(jià)格。故選A。12．B　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.(首先，政府將其支持從大規(guī)模、專(zhuān)門(mén)化和出口導(dǎo)向的糧食系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)楦鄻踊牡胤郊Z食系統(tǒng)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。)”和最后一句“Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.(隨著世界各國(guó)政府通過(guò)刺激方案來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，建立更加多樣化和地方化的食品體系顯然應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)。)”可知，文章的主要目的是倡導(dǎo)建立多樣化的地方食品體系。故選B。閱讀理解(六)　主旨大意類(lèi)A(2021·江西六校高三3月聯(lián)考)Migratingterns(燕鷗)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.ResearchersexamineddatarecordedbytrackingdevicesonsixternsfromOkinawa,Japan,tolearnmoreaboutthebirds’migrationsovermultipleyears.TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s“typhoonhighway”togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.“Theyseemtobeabletopredictit，”saysJean-BaptisteThiebot,apostdoctoralfellowattheNationalInstituteofPolarResearchinJapanandleadauthorofthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedinJuneinMarineBiology.Thestudyoffersfewcluesabouthowternsmightdothis,butotherresearchsuggestssomemigratingbirdsdetectinfrasonic(次聲的)weathersignalsorobservechangingclouds.TheternsThiebotstudiedtypicallyavoidedthetyphoonsthemselves.Butthesestormscanchurn(劇烈攪動(dòng))foodtotheoceansurface,sotheimmediateresultsmayhelpthehungrytravelers.Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.Thiebotwouldliketoseethispatternconfirmedinalargerstudy.Healsoworriesthatincreasingtyphoonfrequencycouldaffectbirds’predictionaccuracy,possiblygettingthemcaughtindangerousweather.RobertGill,aretiredresearchwildlifebiologist,saysthatalthoughthestudy’ssamplesizeissmall,itaddstoscientists’overallunderstandingofmigration.“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，”Gillsays,“butthey’vealsohadtensofthousands,ifnotmillions,ofyearstohonethatskill.”1．WhatdidtheternsdoaftergettingtotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesi?A．Theyvariedtheirprojectedpath.B．Theystayedtherefortheexacttimetoleave.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．Theystayedawaketofindfeedingchances.D．Theychurnedfoodtotheoceansurface.2．AccordingtoThiebot,whydidtheternssetoffontheirjourneyslaterinthe2017season?A．Theymightnotdetectstrongtyphoonsignals.B．Theydidn’tfindenoughfood.C．Theywerecaughtindangerousweather.D．Theywantedtoflywithoutstops.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hone”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Teach.　B．Develop.C．Ignore.　D．Share.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimpactoftyphoons.B．Anewapproachtoforecastingweather.C．Theprocessofterns’migrations.D．Terns’abilitytopredicttyphoon.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了燕鷗預(yù)測(cè)臺(tái)風(fēng)的能力。1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s’typhoonhighway’togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.(燕鷗飛過(guò)菲律賓海的“臺(tái)風(fēng)高速公路”，到達(dá)婆羅洲和蘇拉威西島，并改變它們的離開(kāi)時(shí)間——通常顯然是在等待大臺(tái)風(fēng)即將穿過(guò)它們計(jì)劃的路徑時(shí)離開(kāi)。)”可知，燕鷗呆在那里是在等待確切離開(kāi)的時(shí)間。故選B。2．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.(Thiebot說(shuō)，它們實(shí)際上可能會(huì)利用臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)知道每年何時(shí)離開(kāi)進(jìn)行遷徙。2017年是不同尋常的安靜季節(jié)，沒(méi)有強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)的跡象，這些鳥(niǎo)開(kāi)始飛行的時(shí)間較晚，而且沒(méi)有中途停留。)”可知，燕鷗要在2017年燕鷗季節(jié)的晚些時(shí)候才啟程，是因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軝z測(cè)不到強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)信號(hào)。故選A。3．B　詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段劃線(xiàn)詞前句“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，(它們比我們最好的天氣預(yù)報(bào)員更能預(yù)測(cè)天氣，)”和thatskill可知，它們也有數(shù)萬(wàn)年，甚至數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)展這項(xiàng)技能。所以hone為“發(fā)展”之意。故選B。4．D　文章大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Migratingterns(燕鷗)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.(候鳥(niǎo)可能會(huì)根據(jù)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的臺(tái)風(fēng)的敏銳感知而改變飛行計(jì)劃，從而避開(kāi)風(fēng)暴的影響，但仍能從臺(tái)風(fēng)過(guò)后的捕食機(jī)會(huì)中獲益。)”和前文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了燕鷗預(yù)測(cè)臺(tái)風(fēng)的能力。故選D。第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) B(2021·廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬考試)Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,thechallengeofapplyingtocollegesisparticularlydifficult.1in4dealwithallofthat—thewriting,thestudying,theresearchingandapplying—completelyontheirown.Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice：SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.Hefeltempoweredbytheprocess.Figuringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhat,CollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn’therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowCollegePointworks.B．ThegoalofCollegePoint.C．Waystoapplyforafreeadviser.D．Thechallengeofchoosingcolleges.6．Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?A．Overestimatingtheirabilities.B．Knowinglittleaboutcolleges.C．Lackofenoughlearningexperience.D．Failuretogetsupportfromtheirfamilies.7．WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?A．Shedidn’twanttostayfarfromhome.B．Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.C．Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.D．Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaFinancialAdviserB．StepsforTopStudentstoSelectIdealCollegesC．AdvisersHelpPoorStudentsApplytoSuitableCollegesD．CollegePoint—aProgramHelpingStudentsScoreHigh【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了一款幫助貧困家庭的優(yōu)秀生申請(qǐng)合適大學(xué)的虛擬建議程序。5．A　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.”得知本段講述了CollegePoint的建議者們對(duì)那些大學(xué)考試分?jǐn)?shù)過(guò)關(guān)，但是年收入不到8萬(wàn)美元的家庭提供免費(fèi)的選擇大學(xué)方面的指導(dǎo)?？梢缘弥v述了CollegePoint是如何運(yùn)作的。故選A。6．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.”得知研究表明低收入家庭的學(xué)生們很可能選擇的大學(xué)是低匹配的，因?yàn)樗麄儾涣私獯髮W(xué)。故選B。7．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.”家境貧寒的Hensley和北卡來(lái)羅那的建議者一起分析她的經(jīng)濟(jì)救助獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，使得她的大學(xué)選擇更清晰。得知Hensley選擇俄亥俄大學(xué)是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)大學(xué)符合她的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。故選D。8．C　標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段“Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.”問(wèn)答形式引出文章主題讓申請(qǐng)大學(xué)更簡(jiǎn)單更匹配，可以選擇一款幫助貧困家庭的優(yōu)秀生申請(qǐng)合適大學(xué)的虛擬建議程序。故選C。C(2021·江蘇省南京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第二次高考模擬)Whenwe’vegotchildren,it’stypicalofustogivecarefulthoughttohowmuchTVthechildrenarewatchingandthatthey’reexposedto.ArewebeingoverprotectiveabouttheeffectrealityTVishavingonourchild？Theansweris“No”．Orrather,there’sincreasingevidencethattheseprogrammescanhaveaprofoundinfluenceonyoungpeople.ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.ThetruthisthatrealityTVisanythingbutreality—butthat’snotnecessarilywhatourchildrenbelieve.AstudyfortheGirlScoutResearchInstituteintheUSfoundthateightoutoftengirlsagedbetween11and17whoregularlywatchrealityshowsbelievetheseprogrammesdescribereallife.Infact,muchofreality第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) TVisaheavilymanipulatedviewofwhat’sreallyhappening,andtheworstofitstrengthensthesortoffemalestereotypeswomenhavespentdecadestryingtoremove.ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.There’sawidespreademphasisonthevalueofwomenbeingabouthowtheylookanddress,whichgivesyoungviewersthemessagethatbeingawomanisallaboutstyleandappearance,notwhatyoudoorstandfor.CulturalcriticandwriterJenniferPoznerdescribesrealityTVas“thecontemporarynegativereactionagainstfeminism”．ImranSiddiquee,DirectorofSocialMediaandOutreach,isconcernedthattheseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand“normalize”theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings.“Theyoffersuchalimitedviewofwhatitistobeawoman,andallovertheworldyounggirlsareaddictedtoit，”hesays.Siddiqueedoesrecognize,however,thatmanygirlsthemselvesvaluerealityTV.Somesayitencouragesthemtothinkaboutsituationsdifferentfromtheirown.Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.“It’simportanttoacknowledgethattherearesomeusefulelementsinrealityTV，”Siddiqueesays.“Butmanygirlsneedtobeinspiredtothinkmorecriticallyaboutsomeaspectsoftheseshowssothey’renotmanipulatedbythemandsotheirbehaviourdoesn’tchangebecauseofthem.”Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.WhetherrealityTVischangingourchildren’sviews,orwhethertheyareattractedtoprogrammesthatagreewiththeirbeliefs,it’svitalwerecognizethattheirviewinghabitscouldstrengthentheseunbalancedideas.9．Thispassageismostprobablyintendedfor________.A．teenagegirls　B．parentsC．mediaworkers　D．generalpublic10．WhatistheproblemwitharealityTVshow?A．Itistootruetolifeforaudiencetobelievein.B．Actorsanddirectorslackasenseofinnovation.C．Itscontentsandviewsareratherartificial.D．Ithascausedcontroversiesamongteenagers.11．AccordingtotheImranSiddquee,whatshouldrealityTVshowspresent?A．Genuineaccountsoffemalesandtheirwork.B．Waystogainmorepopularityamongpeers.C．DistinctionbetweentruelifeandTVdramas.D．Tipsonhowtobecomestylishyounggirls.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．SituationswhereteenagersareattractedtocertainTVprogrammes.B．RealityTVshows’impactonyounggirlsandparent’sguidance.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．Thewaytohelpchildrentohavethehabitofcriticalthinking.D．ThestereotypesofwomenonTVandaudience’sreaction.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇議論文。文章論述了一些真人電視節(jié)目輸出的錯(cuò)誤價(jià)值觀(guān)和內(nèi)容塑造了對(duì)女性的刻板印象和強(qiáng)調(diào)外在，忽視了女性?xún)?nèi)在美和獨(dú)立奮斗的形象，會(huì)誤導(dǎo)青春期少女。作者呼吁家長(zhǎng)培養(yǎng)孩子面對(duì)這類(lèi)內(nèi)容要進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考，而不是被塑造影響。9．B　推理判斷題。由文章前兩段可知，作者主要針對(duì)“weparents”“ourchildren”在說(shuō)明當(dāng)下的一些真人秀對(duì)年輕人，尤其是青春期少女的影響，希望家長(zhǎng)能給予正確引導(dǎo)。所以這篇文章的目標(biāo)群體是家長(zhǎng)們。故選B。10．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.(許多電視真人秀中的女性都扮演著少女?huà)寢尰驊騽∨醯慕巧?。在這些節(jié)目中，身強(qiáng)力壯、勤奮上進(jìn)、有遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)的年輕女性并不多見(jiàn)。)”和第四段“...theseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand’normalize’theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings...(這些節(jié)目展示了對(duì)女性最糟糕的刻板印象，并在似乎是日常的場(chǎng)景中將其’正常化’)”可知，第三、四兩段集中論述真人秀的問(wèn)題，內(nèi)容充滿(mǎn)了對(duì)女性的刻板印象解讀，展現(xiàn)的都是女性美麗的外表，而不是一個(gè)女性應(yīng)該有的獨(dú)立和上進(jìn)心，這種價(jià)值觀(guān)是錯(cuò)誤的，會(huì)誤導(dǎo)女孩對(duì)于女性的認(rèn)知。由此可知，真人秀的內(nèi)容和觀(guān)點(diǎn)是相當(dāng)虛假的。故選C。11．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.(他們還指出，一些節(jié)目以女性經(jīng)營(yíng)自己成功的企業(yè)為特色。)”可知，一些節(jié)目展現(xiàn)的是成功的經(jīng)營(yíng)自己事業(yè)的女性，該段在說(shuō)一些女孩對(duì)于這類(lèi)節(jié)目的思考，也舉出了不同于之前只注重女性外表的節(jié)目。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，ImranSiddquee認(rèn)為真人秀應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)的是女性和她們的事業(yè)。故選A。12．B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.(最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，一些真人秀節(jié)目對(duì)十幾歲的女孩的傷害和太多卡通節(jié)目對(duì)孩子的傷害一樣大，甚至可能更糟。)”和最后一段“Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.(我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)我們的孩子成為批判性思考者，并幫助他們發(fā)展媒體素養(yǎng)。)”結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)首段可知，作者指出現(xiàn)在很多電視節(jié)目對(duì)年輕人有很大影響。同時(shí)最后一段作者指出，家長(zhǎng)要幫助孩子養(yǎng)成批判性的思考習(xí)慣，因此文章大意是真人秀對(duì)年輕女孩的影響以及家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)如何指引。故選B。閱讀理解(七)　標(biāo)題歸納題A(2021·山東省(新高考)高三二模英語(yǔ)試卷(三))Whenmusiccomeson,somepeoplearetoe-lappersorhead-bobbers,othersshaketheirhips,andthentherearethosewholettherhythmmovethemtoafull-bodyboogie(布吉舞)．But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercan第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) nowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprint”．ResearchersattheCentreforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchatFinland’sUniversityofJyv-skylhavebeenusingmotioncapture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytostudywhataperson’sdancemovessayabouthisorhermood,personality,andabilitytosympathize.TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.Intheirstudy,theresearchersmotioncaptured73participantswiththeAItechnologywhiletheydancedtoeightdifferentmusicgenres：electronica,jazz,metal,pop,rap,reggae,country,andblues.Theonlyinstructionthedancersweregivenwastomoveinawaythatfeltnatural.Butwhatitcoulddowasmoreshocking.Thecomputerwasabletocorrectlyidentifywhichmusiconeoftheparticipantswasdancingto94percentofthetime,regardlessofwhatkindofmusicwasplaying,basedonthepatternofaperson’sdancestyle.Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，”saidPasiSaari,aco-authorofthestudy,inaclass.It’spossiblethatdance-recognitionsoftwarecouldbecomesomethingsimilartoface-recognitionsoftwarebutitdoesn’tseemaspractical.Fornow,researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(監(jiān)視)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.Sodon’tworryaboutbeingidentifiedatnightclubbyanAIviayoursignaturedancemovesyet.1．WhatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowiththeMLmachine?A．Testthedancers’flexibility.　B．Makedancersaccustomedtothebeat.C．Identifythemusicusingdancers’moves.　D．Checktheaccuracyofmotioncapturetechnology.2．WhatmightnothelptheAItechnologydetermineadancer’sidentity?A．Headmovement.　B．Footmovement.C．Kneemovement.　D．Shouldermovement.3．Whatdoresearcherswanttousetheresultsfor?A．Puttingitontheapplicationmarket.　B．Programmingittoworkatnightclub.C．Learningaboutthehumanresponsetomusic.　D．Developingasoftwarelikeface-recognition.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Amusicstylematterslessthanitsbeat.B．NewAIcangenerateyournextdancemove.第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) C．Adance-recognitionsoftwarewillbecomemorepopular.D．NewAIcanidentifyyoubyyourdancing“fingerprint”．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果：新的AI技術(shù)可以通過(guò)跳舞者獨(dú)特的跳舞“指紋”來(lái)識(shí)別他們。1．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.(最近，他們?cè)趪L試看人工智能ML機(jī)器是否能夠根據(jù)研究參與者跳舞的方式來(lái)識(shí)別出播放的音樂(lè)時(shí)，有了一個(gè)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，研究人員期望用ML機(jī)器根據(jù)舞蹈者的動(dòng)作識(shí)別音樂(lè)。故選C。2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.(參與者頭部、肩膀和膝蓋的運(yùn)動(dòng)是區(qū)分個(gè)體的重要標(biāo)志。)”可知，跳舞者的腳部運(yùn)動(dòng)不能幫助AI技術(shù)確定跳舞者的身份。故選B。3．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“...researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(監(jiān)視)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.(……研究人員說(shuō)他們感興趣的不是這種技術(shù)的監(jiān)視用途，而是這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)于人類(lèi)對(duì)音樂(lè)是如何反應(yīng)的結(jié)果。)”可知，研究人員想用這個(gè)研究的結(jié)果來(lái)了解人類(lèi)對(duì)音樂(lè)的反應(yīng)。故選C。4．D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段提到“But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercannowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing‘fingerprint’．(然而，不管是什么舞蹈，我們跟著節(jié)拍跳舞的方式對(duì)一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)是如此明顯，以至于電腦現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)我們獨(dú)特的跳舞“指紋”來(lái)識(shí)別我們。)”；第三段中提到研究人員PasiSaari所說(shuō)的話(huà)“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，(一個(gè)人的舞蹈動(dòng)作就好像是一種指紋。每個(gè)人都有自己獨(dú)特的動(dòng)作特征，無(wú)論演奏什么音樂(lè)，這些特征都是不變的。)”由此可知，文章是關(guān)于新的AI技術(shù)能夠通過(guò)獨(dú)特的跳舞“指紋”來(lái)識(shí)別跳舞者。D項(xiàng)“新的AI技術(shù)能夠通過(guò)你的跳舞’指紋’來(lái)識(shí)別你”可以作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2021·貴州省畢節(jié)市高三年級(jí)診斷性考試(三))E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.Researchersfounde-cigarettevapourdisabledimportantimmunecellsinthelungandboostedinflammation(炎癥)．Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.However,PublicHealthEnglandadvisestheyaremuchlessharmfulthansmokingandpeopleshouldnothesitatetousethemasanaidtogivingupcigarettes.Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.Previousstudieshavefocusedonthechemicalelements第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) ofe-cigaretteliquidbeforeitisvaped.Inthisstudy,theresearchersdesignedamechanicalprocesstomimic(模擬)vapinginthelaboratory,usinglungtissuesamplesprovidedbyeightnon-smokers.Theyfoundvapourcausedinflammationandimpairedtheactivityofalveolarmacrophagescells(肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞)thatremovedpotentiallydamagingdustparticles,bacteriaandallergens.Theysailsomeoftheeffectsweresimilartothoseseeninregularsmokersandpeoplewithchroniclungdisease.Theycautionthattheresultsareonlyinlaboratoryconditionsandtheyareplanningtodomoreresearchtobetterunderstandthelong-termhealthimpactthechangesrecordedtookplaceonly48hours.ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.Ifyouvapefor20or30years,youcansufferfromCOPD(chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease),thenthat’ssomethingweneedtoknowabout.5．What’sthewidelyheldopinionaboute-cigarettes?A．They’remoreharmful.　　　B．They’relessharmful.C．They’reunknowntopeople.　　　D．They’reharmless.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．It’sbelievable.B．It’sconductednarrowly.C．It’sacceptedbymostpeople.D．It’scarriedoutinAmerica.7．Whatcanwelearnaboute-cigarettesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyaresaferintermsofmentalproblems.B．Theymaybelittleharminthelongrun.C．Theyaresaferwithregardtocancerrisk.D．Theycancompletelyreplacetraditionalones.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cane-cigarettesdamagevitalbrainsystemcells?B．Cane-cigarettesbecomepopularamongpeople?C．Cane-cigarettesberecommendedtosmokers?D．Canc-cigarettesdamagevitalimmunesystemcells?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究人員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明看似安全的電子煙實(shí)際上會(huì)損害我們重要的免疫系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞。5．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.(研究人員對(duì)人們普遍認(rèn)為電子煙是安全的觀(guān)點(diǎn)提出了警告。)”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為電子煙是安全無(wú)害的。故選D。6．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.(這項(xiàng)由伯明翰大學(xué)大衛(wèi)·西克特教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小型實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)表在《胸腔》雜志的網(wǎng)站上。)”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 可知，這只是一個(gè)有限的小型實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。7．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后自然段“ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.(西克特教授表示，盡管就癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，電子煙比傳統(tǒng)香煙更安全，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，它們可能仍然有害。)”可知，就癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，電子煙相對(duì)安全。故選C。8．D　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一自然段“E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，電子煙會(huì)損害重要的免疫系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞，其危害可能比之前認(rèn)為的更大。)”和末段“ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.(西克特教授表示，盡管就癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，電子煙比傳統(tǒng)香煙更安全，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，它們可能仍然有害。)”可知，本文主要論述了看似安全的電子煙，實(shí)際是有害的，它可能會(huì)破壞我們的重要的免疫系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞。故選D。C(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durability(耐久性)andsensitivity.Theskinore-skinmayplayanimportantroleinnext-generationpersonalizedmedicine,softroboticsandartificialintelligence.“Theideale-skinwillmimic(模仿)manynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime，”saysleadingresearcherYichenCai.However,makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformsuchdelicatetaskswhilealsousedrepeatedlyischallenging,andeachmaterialinvolvedmustbecarefullyengineered.Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.“Thelandscapeofskinelectronicskeepsshiftingataremarkablepace，”saysCai.“Thediscoveryof2Dsensorshasacceleratedeffortstoturnthesequitethinbutstrongmaterialsintofunctional,durableartificialskins.”Thenewman-madeskinbuiltbytheresearcherscouldsenseobjectsfrom20centimetersaway.Itcouldfurthermakeaquickresponsewhentouchedinlessthanonetenthofasecond.“Itisastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，”saidShen,“whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.”Thistypeofe-skincouldmonitorarangeofbiologicalinformation,suchaschangesinbloodpressure,whichcanbedetectedfrommovementsofarmsandlegs.ThisdatacanthenbesharedandstoredonthecloudviaWi-Fi.“Oneremainingproblemtothewidespreaduseofe-skinsliesinmassproductionofhigh-resolutionsensors，”addsgroupleaderVincentTung“however,thelatesttechnologyoffersnewpromise.”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 9．What’sthefeatureofthenewe-skin?A．Itcanstoreinformation.B．It’squitehardandtough.C．It’sflexibleandsensitive.D．Itcanreplacehumanskin.10．Whydoestheauthormention“moste-skins”inParagraph3?A．Tostressthechallengesofmakinge-skins.B．Tointroducethepopularityofe-skins.C．Toshowtheprocessofmakinge-skins.D．Tocomparethesimilaritybetweene-skins.11．Whatcanthenewe-skindo?A．Adjustthebloodpressure.B．Recoverthewoundedskin.C．Workasaremotecontroller.D．Sensetheoutsidetemperature.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABreakthroughinHi-techB．Man-madeSkin,ImprovedC．E-skin,APromisingBusinessD．TheWidespreadUseofE-skin【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文闡述了一個(gè)聯(lián)合研究小組最近開(kāi)發(fā)了一種新的電子皮膚，它在強(qiáng)度、耐用性和敏感性方面與人類(lèi)皮膚相似，這種新的電子皮膚有望大量生產(chǎn)。9．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durabilityandsensitivity.(一個(gè)聯(lián)合研究小組最近開(kāi)發(fā)了一種新的電子皮膚，它在強(qiáng)度、耐用性和敏感性方面與人類(lèi)皮膚相似。)”以及第五段“’Itisastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，’saidShen,’whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.’(“電子皮膚在反復(fù)使用后保持韌性是一個(gè)驚人的成就，”沈說(shuō)，“它模仿了人類(lèi)皮膚的柔軟和快速恢復(fù)(能力)。”)”可知，新電子皮膚在強(qiáng)度、耐用性和敏感性方面與人類(lèi)皮膚相似，而且反復(fù)使用后能迅速恢復(fù)，非常靈活。因此，新的電子皮膚的特點(diǎn)是C項(xiàng)“It’sflexibleandsensitive.(它靈活敏感。)”符合題意。故選C。10．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.(大多數(shù)電子皮膚是通過(guò)在皮膚表面安裝一個(gè)有源傳感器來(lái)制作的。但是，它們之間的連接往往太弱，這就降低了材料的耐久性和靈敏度；否則，如果太強(qiáng)，就不夠靈活，更容易斷開(kāi)電路。)”第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè) 可知，大多數(shù)電子皮膚是通過(guò)在皮膚表面安裝一個(gè)有源傳感器來(lái)制作，但是它們之間的連接既不能太強(qiáng)也不能太弱，研究過(guò)程中遇到了挑戰(zhàn)。因此，作者在第3段提到“大多數(shù)電子皮膚”是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)制作電子皮膚的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。11．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theideale-skinwillmimicmanynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime(理想的電子皮膚將模擬人體皮膚的許多自然功能，如準(zhǔn)確實(shí)時(shí)地感知溫度和觸覺(jué))”可知，新電子皮膚模擬人體皮膚的許多自然功能，如準(zhǔn)確實(shí)時(shí)地感知溫度和觸覺(jué)。故選D。12．B　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durabilityandsensitivity.(一個(gè)聯(lián)合研究小組最近開(kāi)發(fā)了一種新的電子皮膚，它在強(qiáng)度、耐用性和敏感性方面與人類(lèi)皮膚相似。)”可知，新的電子皮膚，它在強(qiáng)度、耐用性和敏感性方面與人類(lèi)皮膚相似，在新技術(shù)的支持下，有希望大量生產(chǎn)。因此，這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是B項(xiàng)“Man-madeSkin,Improved(人造改良皮膚)”。故選B。第62頁(yè)共62頁(yè)